Fuel Origin

Events / War

Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)

Dates
2022-02-24 → no end date recorded
Dated to
the day
Status
Ongoing
Scope
Ukraine

What the sources said

European Council, special meeting of 24 February 2022, document EUCO 18/22: "European Council conclusions on Russia's unprovoked and unjustified military aggression against Ukraine"; "The European Council condemns in the strongest possible terms the Russian Federation's unprovoked and unjustified military aggression against Ukraine." The conclusions are dated and headed 24 February 2022, which is the date recorded here. This row is a timeline marker only; it makes no statement about prices.

IEA, EIA, European Commission, European Council and national legislators (cited per row)Official
Retrieved 2026-09-23 07:22 UTCRevision 1
Source documents (2)
CountryCountryGermanyFranceNetherlandsPolandFinlandEstoniaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaPortugalRomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSweden
FuelFuelDiesel (automotive gas oil)Petrol (Euro-super 95)Both fuels

Choosing a fuel keeps that fuel's series and the channels shared by every fuel - the crude benchmark, FX, crude imports and Hormuz exposure. It drops only the other fuel's series.

The event window

What each series was worth from -30 to 90 days around the event date, how far that is from the same series' level at the event date, and how big that move is against the series' own normal variation.

Estonia, Petrol (Euro-super 95). 15 series can be drawn; 4 cannot be seen at all and are shown as labelled empty panels below.

182 published readings, 13 offsets with nothing published within one period, and 52 offsets on series we cannot see at all. Every one of them is on this page.

Europe Brent spot FOB

Unit: $ per barrelPublished: dailyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+90126.785.52022-01-25: 89.49 $ per barrel, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 96.37 $ per barrel, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 95.28 $ per barrel, used for offsets −72022-02-21: 98.95 $ per barrel, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 99.29 $ per barrel, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 101.3 $ per barrel, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 98.56 $ per barrel, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 115.4 $ per barrel, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 114.5 $ per barrel, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 122.7 $ per barrel, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 99.27 $ per barrel, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 116.4 $ per barrel, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for Europe Brent spot FOB: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-2589.49-11.800-11.65%-2.69
−142022-02-1096.37-4.920-4.86%-1.12
−72022-02-1795.28-6.010-5.93%-1.37
−32022-02-2198.95-2.340-2.31%-0.53
−12022-02-2399.29-2.000-1.97%-0.46
T02022-02-24same print as T0101.30.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-2598.56-2.730-2.70%-0.62
+32022-02-2598.56-2.730-2.70%-0.62
+72022-03-03115.4+14.070+13.89%+3.20
+142022-03-10114.5+13.250+13.08%+3.02
+302022-03-25122.7+21.380+21.11%+4.87
+602022-04-2599.27-2.020-1.99%-0.46
+902022-05-25116.4+15.120+14.93%+3.44

One volatility unit for this series is 4.34%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (767 changes). It is not a significance test.

reported crude oil imports, all origins

Unit: tonnesPublished: monthlyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+901.0000.0002022-01-01: 0 tonnes, used for offsets −30same print as T0 — 2022-02-01, 0 tonnes, used for offsets −14, −7, −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-03-01: 0 tonnes, used for offsets +7, +14, +302022-04-01: 0 tonnes, used for offsets +602022-05-01: 0 tonnes, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for reported crude oil imports, all origins: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-0100.000not publishednot published
−142022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
−72022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
−32022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
−12022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
T02022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+12022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+32022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+72022-03-0100.000not publishednot published
+142022-03-0100.000not publishednot published
+302022-03-0100.000not publishednot published
+602022-04-0100.000not publishednot published
+902022-05-0100.000not publishednot published

No normal volatility is published for this series, so no change is expressed in volatility units. That is a missing input, not a zero.

crude-only expected pre-tax price: the T0 bulletin-week price plus what the stored pass-through curves say crude alone would have done since

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedMedium
T0−30T0+30+60+901.0330.7632022-01-24: 0.7889 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.8054 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.8156 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.8237 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.8358 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.9024 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.9199 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.9539 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 1.007 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for crude-only expected pre-tax price: the T0 bulletin-week price plus what the stored pass-through curves say crude alone would have done since: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.7889-0.035-4.22%-2.86
−142022-02-070.8054-0.018-2.21%-1.50
−72022-02-140.8156-0.008-0.98%-0.67
−32022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.8358+0.012+1.47%+1.00
+142022-03-070.9024+0.079+9.56%+6.47
+302022-03-210.9199+0.096+11.68%+7.90
+602022-04-250.9539+0.130+15.81%+10.70
+902022-05-231.007+0.183+22.26%+15.06

One volatility unit for this series is 1.48%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

ECB euro foreign exchange reference rate

Unit: US dollars per euroPublished: dailyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+901.1531.0562022-01-25: 1.127 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 1.144 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 1.137 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −72022-02-21: 1.134 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 1.134 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 1.116 US dollars per euro, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 1.122 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 1.108 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 1.108 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 1.100 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 1.075 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 1.066 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for ECB euro foreign exchange reference rate: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-251.127+0.011+0.94%+2.37
−142022-02-101.144+0.028+2.47%+6.23
−72022-02-171.137+0.021+1.85%+4.67
−32022-02-211.134+0.017+1.57%+3.95
−12022-02-231.134+0.018+1.62%+4.09
T02022-02-24same print as T01.1160.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-251.122+0.005+0.47%+1.20
+32022-02-251.122+0.005+0.47%+1.20
+72022-03-031.108-0.009-0.78%-1.96
+142022-03-101.108-0.008-0.71%-1.78
+302022-03-251.100-0.016-1.44%-3.64
+602022-04-251.075-0.042-3.74%-9.42
+902022-05-251.066-0.051-4.54%-11.45

One volatility unit for this series is 0.40%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (770 changes). It is not a significance test.

direct crude Hormuz exposure D1

Unit: % of imported tonnesPublished: monthlyUnknownUnknown
T0−30T0+30+60+901.120-0.120

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. The line stops at −30, −14, −7, −3, −1, T0, +1, +3, +7, +14, +30, +60, +90 where no figure was published within one period of the offset.

Window table for direct crude Hormuz exposure D1: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
−142022-02-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
−72022-02-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
−32022-02-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
−12022-02-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
T02022-02-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
+12022-02-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
+32022-02-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
+72022-03-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
+142022-03-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
+302022-03-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
+602022-04-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published
+902022-05-01not publishednot publishednot publishednot published

No normal volatility is published for this series, so no change is expressed in volatility units. That is a missing input, not a zero.

direct refined-product Hormuz exposure D2

Unit: % of imported tonnesPublished: monthlyCalculatedLow
T0−30T0+30+60+901.0000.0002022-01-01: 0 % of imported tonnes, used for offsets −30same print as T0 — 2022-02-01, 0 % of imported tonnes, used for offsets −14, −7, −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-03-01: 0 % of imported tonnes, used for offsets +7, +14, +302022-04-01: 0 % of imported tonnes, used for offsets +602022-05-01: 0 % of imported tonnes, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for direct refined-product Hormuz exposure D2: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-0100.000not publishednot published
−142022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
−72022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
−32022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
−12022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
T02022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+12022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+32022-02-01same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+72022-03-0100.000not publishednot published
+142022-03-0100.000not publishednot published
+302022-03-0100.000not publishednot published
+602022-04-0100.000not publishednot published
+902022-05-0100.000not publishednot published

No normal volatility is published for this series, so no change is expressed in volatility units. That is a missing input, not a zero.

inventory exposure D7: published days of emergency stock cover, carried through

Unit: days of coverPublished: monthlyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+9092.9683.042022-01-01: 92.00 days of cover, used for offsets −30same print as T0 — 2022-02-01, 91.00 days of cover, used for offsets −14, −7, −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-03-01: 90.00 days of cover, used for offsets +7, +14, +302022-04-01: 90.00 days of cover, used for offsets +602022-05-01: 84.00 days of cover, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for inventory exposure D7: published days of emergency stock cover, carried through: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-0192.00+1.000+1.10%+0.40
−142022-02-01same print as T091.000.0000.00%0.00
−72022-02-01same print as T091.000.0000.00%0.00
−32022-02-01same print as T091.000.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-01same print as T091.000.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-01same print as T091.000.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-01same print as T091.000.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-01same print as T091.000.0000.00%0.00
+72022-03-0190.00-1.000-1.10%-0.40
+142022-03-0190.00-1.000-1.10%-0.40
+302022-03-0190.00-1.000-1.10%-0.40
+602022-04-0190.00-1.000-1.10%-0.40
+902022-05-0184.00-7.000-7.69%-2.82

One volatility unit for this series is 2.73%, the standard deviation of its own month-on-month percentage changes over the three years before the event (35 changes). It is not a significance test.

crude cost per litre: Brent in EUR/L averaged over the bulletin week (refinery yield not modelled)

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+900.7310.4812022-01-24: 0.5049 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.5307 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.5419 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.5541 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.6491 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.7014 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.7064 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.6165 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 0.6922 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for crude cost per litre: Brent in EUR/L averaged over the bulletin week (refinery yield not modelled): value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.5049-0.049-8.88%-1.15
−142022-02-070.5307-0.023-4.22%-0.55
−72022-02-140.5419-0.012-2.19%-0.29
−32022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.6491+0.095+17.15%+2.23
+142022-03-070.7014+0.147+26.58%+3.45
+302022-03-210.7064+0.152+27.49%+3.57
+602022-04-250.6165+0.062+11.26%+1.46
+902022-05-230.6922+0.138+24.93%+3.24

One volatility unit for this series is 7.69%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

national total oil stocks (Eurostat, commercial holders), with the published days of cover alongside

Unit: tonnesPublished: monthlyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+90487,240360,7602022-01-01: 442,000 tonnes, used for offsets −30same print as T0 — 2022-02-01, 402,000 tonnes, used for offsets −14, −7, −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-03-01: 420,000 tonnes, used for offsets +7, +14, +302022-04-01: 475,000 tonnes, used for offsets +602022-05-01: 373,000 tonnes, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for national total oil stocks (Eurostat, commercial holders), with the published days of cover alongside: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-01442,000+40,000+9.95%+0.97
−142022-02-01same print as T0402,0000.0000.00%0.00
−72022-02-01same print as T0402,0000.0000.00%0.00
−32022-02-01same print as T0402,0000.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-01same print as T0402,0000.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-01same print as T0402,0000.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-01same print as T0402,0000.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-01same print as T0402,0000.0000.00%0.00
+72022-03-01420,000+18,000+4.48%+0.44
+142022-03-01420,000+18,000+4.48%+0.44
+302022-03-01420,000+18,000+4.48%+0.44
+602022-04-01475,000+73,000+18.16%+1.77
+902022-05-01373,000-29,000-7.21%-0.70

One volatility unit for this series is 10.24%, the standard deviation of its own month-on-month percentage changes over the three years before the event (35 changes). It is not a significance test.

not explained by crude: actual pre-tax change since T0 minus the crude-only expected change. Never attributed

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedMedium
T0−30T0+30+60+900.107-0.0452022-01-24: -0.0303 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: -0.0051 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: -0.0052 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.0070 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.0146 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.0455 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.0114 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 0.0925 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for not explained by crude: actual pre-tax change since T0 minus the crude-only expected change. Never attributed: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-24-0.0303-0.030not publishednot published
−142022-02-07-0.0051-0.005not publishednot published
−72022-02-14-0.0052-0.005not publishednot published
−32022-02-21same print as T000.000not publishednot published
−12022-02-21same print as T000.000not publishednot published
T02022-02-21same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+12022-02-21same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+32022-02-21same print as T000.000not publishednot published
+72022-02-280.0070+0.007not publishednot published
+142022-03-070.0146+0.015not publishednot published
+302022-03-210.0455+0.045not publishednot published
+602022-04-250.0114+0.011not publishednot published
+902022-05-230.0925+0.092not publishednot published

No normal volatility is published for this series, so no change is expressed in volatility units. That is a missing input, not a zero.

Weekly Oil Bulletin price with taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+902.0441.5372022-01-24: 1.586 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 1.636 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 1.648 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 1.664 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 1.687 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 1.776 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 1.834 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 1.834 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 1.995 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for Weekly Oil Bulletin price with taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-241.586-0.078-4.69%-2.66
−142022-02-071.636-0.028-1.68%-0.95
−72022-02-141.648-0.016-0.96%-0.55
−32022-02-21same print as T01.6640.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T01.6640.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T01.6640.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T01.6640.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T01.6640.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-281.687+0.023+1.38%+0.78
+142022-03-071.776+0.112+6.73%+3.82
+302022-03-211.834+0.170+10.22%+5.79
+602022-04-251.834+0.170+10.22%+5.79
+902022-05-231.995+0.331+19.89%+11.28

One volatility unit for this series is 1.76%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

Weekly Oil Bulletin price without taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+901.1400.7182022-01-24: 0.7587 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.8003 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.8103 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.8237 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.8428 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.9170 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.9653 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.9653 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 1.100 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for Weekly Oil Bulletin price without taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.7587-0.065-7.89%-2.22
−142022-02-070.8003-0.023-2.83%-0.80
−72022-02-140.8103-0.013-1.62%-0.46
−32022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.82370.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.8428+0.019+2.33%+0.66
+142022-03-070.9170+0.093+11.33%+3.19
+302022-03-210.9653+0.142+17.20%+4.84
+602022-04-250.9653+0.142+17.20%+4.84
+902022-05-231.100+0.276+33.49%+9.43

One volatility unit for this series is 3.55%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

total tax per litre: price with taxes minus price without taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30T0+30+60+900.9040.8192022-01-24: 0.8273 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.8357 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.8377 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.8403 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.8442 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.8590 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.8687 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.8687 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 0.8955 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for total tax per litre: price with taxes minus price without taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.8273-0.013-1.55%-3.05
−142022-02-070.8357-0.005-0.55%-1.09
−72022-02-140.8377-0.003-0.32%-0.62
−32022-02-21same print as T00.84030.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.84030.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.84030.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.84030.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.84030.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.8442+0.004+0.46%+0.90
+142022-03-070.8590+0.019+2.22%+4.38
+302022-03-210.8687+0.028+3.37%+6.65
+602022-04-250.8687+0.028+3.37%+6.65
+902022-05-230.8955+0.055+6.57%+12.95

One volatility unit for this series is 0.51%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

US proxy - not a European price: US gasoline spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).

Unit: $ per barrelPublished: dailyCalculatedLow
T0−30T0+30+60+9051.418.992022-01-25: 15.43 $ per barrel, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 17.95 $ per barrel, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 18.67 $ per barrel, used for offsets −72022-02-18: 19.03 $ per barrel, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 17.39 $ per barrel, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 17.36 $ per barrel, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 18.28 $ per barrel, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 18.33 $ per barrel, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 13.10 $ per barrel, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 16.69 $ per barrel, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 36.43 $ per barrel, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 47.31 $ per barrel, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for US proxy - not a European price: US gasoline spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-2515.43-1.934-11.14%-0.06
−142022-02-1017.95+0.594+3.42%+0.02
−72022-02-1718.67+1.306+7.52%+0.04
−32022-02-1819.03+1.666+9.60%+0.05
−12022-02-2317.39+0.026+0.15%+0.00
T02022-02-24same print as T017.360.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-2518.28+0.924+5.32%+0.03
+32022-02-2518.28+0.924+5.32%+0.03
+72022-03-0318.33+0.966+5.56%+0.03
+142022-03-1013.10-4.262-24.55%-0.14
+302022-03-2516.69-0.674-3.88%-0.02
+602022-04-2536.43+19.072+109.86%+0.61
+902022-05-2547.31+29.946+172.50%+0.95

One volatility unit for this series is 180.80%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (751 changes). It is not a significance test.

US proxy - not a European price: US jet spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).

Unit: $ per barrelPublished: dailyCalculatedLow
T0−30T0+30+60+9086.115.052022-01-25: 13.79 $ per barrel, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 16.48 $ per barrel, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 13.25 $ per barrel, used for offsets −72022-02-18: 12.98 $ per barrel, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 12.89 $ per barrel, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 12.99 $ per barrel, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 14.50 $ per barrel, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 23.95 $ per barrel, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 16.37 $ per barrel, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 37.98 $ per barrel, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 78.26 $ per barrel, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 40.71 $ per barrel, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for US proxy - not a European price: US jet spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-2513.79+0.796+6.13%+0.04
−142022-02-1016.48+3.492+26.88%+0.15
−72022-02-1713.25+0.256+1.97%+0.01
−32022-02-1812.98-0.014-0.11%-0.00
−12022-02-2312.89-0.100-0.77%-0.00
T02022-02-24same print as T012.990.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-2514.50+1.512+11.64%+0.07
+32022-02-2514.50+1.512+11.64%+0.07
+72022-03-0323.95+10.962+84.38%+0.48
+142022-03-1016.37+3.382+26.03%+0.15
+302022-03-2537.98+24.988+192.33%+1.10
+602022-04-2578.26+65.272+502.40%+2.88
+902022-05-2540.71+27.720+213.36%+1.22

One volatility unit for this series is 174.63%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (751 changes). It is not a significance test.

Not available: licence-blocked

A source exists and its licence does not permit us to republish it. These channels are not missing from the world, only from this page.

Arabian Gulf to north-west Europe dirty tanker rate

Tanker freight rates are licensed such that public display, onward passing and derived data are all expressly prohibited, verified verbatim, and no open institution publishes a tanker rate.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

EU refined-product benchmark

EU refined-product benchmarks (Platts / Argus) are proprietary with no redistribution grant. US crack spreads are not a valid EU proxy and are not substituted.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

north-west Europe refining margin / crack spread

No published refining-margin series is held, and computing a margin ourselves would need the licensed EU product benchmarks, which may not be republished.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

wholesale / rack price

Wholesale / rack price series are proprietary with no redistribution grant.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

Source
European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER)Unknown
Period 2022-01Updated 2026-09-25 14:09 UTCConfidenceUnknownMethodologyDownload CSV

T0 is 2022-02-24. The baseline window is -90 to -31 days. Offsets materialised: -30, -14, -7, -3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90. Method 1.0, calculation event_study-1.0, computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC.

Is Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022) really the reason?

The question splits into dimensions that are measured separately and never added into one number. Each row says whether we can see that dimension at all, and gives one published figure where we can.

Of the eight price-transmission channels this site reports, 4 have data in this run Calculated - a count of the rows below, not a measurement.

Methodology §11.1 publishes the thresholds the sentences below use: all eight channels present for the full comparison, at least three for the claim to be testable here at all, and 2.0 volatility units for a move to be described as outside a series' normal variation. Those are published wording choices, not statistical tests.

Dimensions of exposure to Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), each with its status and one published figure.
DimensionStatusPublished figure, or why there is none
Direct crude exposure (D1)Share of imported crude whose route requires the Strait of Hormuz.Nothing published in the window
not published
Direct product exposure (D2)Share of imported refined product whose route requires the Strait of Hormuz.Observed
0 % of imported tonnes at +30 d (published 2022-03-01)
Emergency stock cover (D7)Days of cover the published emergency stocks amount to. A buffer against a supply disruption, not a share of imports, and not a price channel.Observed
90.00 days of cover at +30 d (published 2022-03-01)-1.10% from the level at T0 = -0.40 volatility units
Crude benchmarkThe quoted crude price European cargoes are priced against.Observed
122.7 $ per barrel at +30 d (published 2022-03-25)+21.11% from the level at T0 = +4.87 volatility units
Refined-product benchmarkThe quoted product price refineries and wholesalers price against.UnavailableEU refined-product benchmarks (Platts / Argus) are proprietary with no redistribution grant. US crack spreads are not a valid EU proxy and are not substituted.
Refining marginWhat refining a barrel into this product earned.UnavailableNo published refining-margin series is held, and computing a margin ourselves would need the licensed EU product benchmarks, which may not be republished.
Freight ratesWhat it cost to ship the cargo.UnavailableTanker freight rates are licensed such that public display, onward passing and derived data are all expressly prohibited, verified verbatim, and no open institution publishes a tanker rate.
InventoriesStocks held, which absorb or amplify a supply change.Observed
420,000 tonnes at +30 d (published 2022-03-01)+4.48% from the level at T0 = +0.44 volatility units
Wholesale pricesThe price between the refinery gate and the forecourt.UnavailableWholesale / rack price series are proprietary with no redistribution grant.
Pump price before taxThe pump price with excise, VAT and other fuel taxes stripped out.Observed
0.9653 € per litre at +30 d (published 2022-03-21)+17.20% from the level at T0 = +4.84 volatility units
Pump price with taxWhat a driver actually paid.Observed
1.834 € per litre at +30 d (published 2022-03-21)+10.22% from the level at T0 = +5.79 volatility units

Physical exposure to the Strait of Hormuz and price exposure are different questions. A country with almost no direct physical exposure can still see its pump price move, because crude is priced globally - and a series that moved in this window may have moved for other reasons.

What the pump price did around this date

The decomposition page can be pinned to the weeks around the event date, so the pump move can be split into tax, input cost and the part the input cost does not account for.

Price decomposition, 2022-02-17 to 2022-03-26 →

The window is the published event date minus 7 days to plus 30 days. It is a window for looking, not a claim that the event caused what is inside it.

Actual vs crude-only: Estonia, petrol (euro-super 95)

What the pre-tax price did from four weeks before to thirteen weeks after the event week, next to what it would have done had it followed only the crude input cost at the speed the stored pass-through estimate measures. The shaded difference is not explained by crude; it is not attributed to the event or to anything else.

Not published2022-03-212022-05-23-10010203040c/L since the anchor week
  • Actual pre-tax change(official prices)
  • What crude alone would have done(calculated, with range)
  • Shaded: not explained by crude(not attributed to any cause)
  • Not published(no pre-tax price or crude cost that week)

Changes are measured from the bulletin week of 2022-02-21. Crude response taken from the stored pass-through estimate over the most recent three-year window (2023-09-25 to 2026-09-14). The light band is a conservative range, not a 90% interval. The shaded area is not explained by crude: refining margins, freight, retail margins and model error are all inside it, and none is named as its cause.

  • Over the 4 weeks after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), crude costs alone would have moved Estonia's pre-tax petrol price by +9.6 c/L (range +2.4–+16.8); it actually moved +14.2 c/L, leaving +4.5 c/L not explained by crude.
  • Over the 13 weeks after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), crude costs alone would have moved Estonia's pre-tax petrol price by +18.3 c/L (range +4.9–+31.8); it actually moved +27.6 c/L, leaving +9.2 c/L not explained by crude.

What the numbers support, sentence by sentence

Each sentence comes from a fixed template, chosen by published thresholds. Open “why this sentence” to see the numbers that selected it. None of this text is written by a language model, and none of it attributes cause.

  1. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's pre-tax petrol price moved +2.3%, which is 0.7 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — within that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.8428300000000001
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    4.152672568366196
    t0_value
    0.82367
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    2.3261743173843974
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    0.6551574722929291
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.019160000000000066
    change_pct_from_t0
    2.3261743173843974
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    3.550557561746523
    change_in_volatility_units
    0.6551574722929291
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.8428300000000001
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    4.152672568366196
    t0_value
    0.82367
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    2.3261743173843974
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    0.6551574722929291
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.019160000000000066
    change_pct_from_t0
    2.3261743173843974
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    3.550557561746523
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    0.6551574722929291

    Template event.price_move.within_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 9adc1ae9adcc91fe47adedbccd7f008e62cf8ff5b2e9f43cd7b95530662d8ba3 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  2. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's pre-tax petrol price moved +17.2%, which is 4.8 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.96533
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    8.790573712563567
    t0_value
    0.82367
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    17.198635375817986
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    4.843925236169938
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.14166
    change_pct_from_t0
    17.198635375817986
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    3.550557561746523
    change_in_volatility_units
    4.843925236169938
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.96533
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    8.790573712563567
    t0_value
    0.82367
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    17.198635375817986
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    4.843925236169938
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.14166
    change_pct_from_t0
    17.198635375817986
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    3.550557561746523
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    4.843925236169938

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 998b939f1f7929f370ce3c60829af396ba48cd1d4fa27c5c1b7ae0525b09e8cd · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  3. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's pre-tax petrol price moved +33.5%, which is 9.4 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.0995
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    13.870305929028557
    t0_value
    0.82367
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    33.48792598977745
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    9.431737243348536
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.2758299999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    33.48792598977745
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    3.550557561746523
    change_in_volatility_units
    9.431737243348536
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.0995
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    13.870305929028557
    t0_value
    0.82367
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    33.48792598977745
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    9.431737243348536
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.2758299999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    33.48792598977745
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    3.550557561746523
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    9.431737243348536

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 79f4affd5aa7f025a5ef1f425f7001b17f6e7003178a80d557e3d6d309132671 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  4. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's tax-inclusive petrol price moved +1.4%, which is 0.8 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — within that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.687
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    4.152903438351233
    t0_value
    1.6640000000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    1.382211538461533
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    0.7837933245522024
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.02299999999999991
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.382211538461533
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.7634898067691753
    change_in_volatility_units
    0.7837933245522024
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.687
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    4.152903438351233
    t0_value
    1.6640000000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    1.382211538461533
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    0.7837933245522024
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.02299999999999991
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.382211538461533
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.7634898067691753
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    0.7837933245522024

    Template event.price_move.within_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint bf68e1bdc083c112fe1397f61bd773d2e2f0c19f871e005342f682b7bf6b08dd · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  5. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's tax-inclusive petrol price moved +10.2%, which is 5.8 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.834
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    8.790903859529815
    t0_value
    1.6640000000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    10.216346153846148
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    5.793255007559777
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.16999999999999993
    change_pct_from_t0
    10.216346153846148
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.7634898067691753
    change_in_volatility_units
    5.793255007559777
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.834
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    8.790903859529815
    t0_value
    1.6640000000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    10.216346153846148
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    5.793255007559777
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.16999999999999993
    change_pct_from_t0
    10.216346153846148
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.7634898067691753
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    5.793255007559777

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 3d9b58cf1cf39a79ac6a00bb3e892cf80f4138503c62e173d4d1ef5e043a0eee · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  6. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's tax-inclusive petrol price moved +19.9%, which is 11.3 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.995
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    13.870618606534928
    t0_value
    1.6640000000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    19.891826923076916
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    11.279808279425215
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.33099999999999996
    change_pct_from_t0
    19.891826923076916
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.7634898067691753
    change_in_volatility_units
    11.279808279425215
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.995
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    13.870618606534928
    t0_value
    1.6640000000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    19.891826923076916
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    11.279808279425215
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.33099999999999996
    change_pct_from_t0
    19.891826923076916
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.7634898067691753
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    11.279808279425215

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 319cf6b11d4c5097a6bf037eb55d60ebb21c2441a2665fc971be4cdb2c18ec56 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  7. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's pre-tax diesel price moved +2.3%, which is 0.4 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — within that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.908
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    3.478742934677142
    t0_value
    0.888
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    2.252252252252254
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    0.4326202033399741
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.020000000000000018
    change_pct_from_t0
    2.252252252252254
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    5.2060727512587395
    change_in_volatility_units
    0.4326202033399741
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.908
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    3.478742934677142
    t0_value
    0.888
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    2.252252252252254
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    0.4326202033399741
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.020000000000000018
    change_pct_from_t0
    2.252252252252254
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    5.2060727512587395
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    0.4326202033399741

    Template event.price_move.within_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 15def5a2e29284e84eb3c903a2a5b275b15bf151ef880fa2246d5bf5a4de0550 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  8. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's pre-tax diesel price moved +31.2%, which is 6.0 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.1655
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    10.109027480290155
    t0_value
    0.888
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    31.249999999999996
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    6.002605321342134
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.27749999999999997
    change_pct_from_t0
    31.249999999999996
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    5.2060727512587395
    change_in_volatility_units
    6.002605321342134
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.1655
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    10.109027480290155
    t0_value
    0.888
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    31.249999999999996
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    6.002605321342134
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.27749999999999997
    change_pct_from_t0
    31.249999999999996
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    5.2060727512587395
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    6.002605321342134

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 519adca4127fccd3742f9f304b6ee4659b5fa632e2634b2dbcd1d28ca93743a7 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  9. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's pre-tax diesel price moved +26.6%, which is 5.1 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.1238299999999999
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    9.03608007440396
    t0_value
    0.888
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    26.557432432432417
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    5.101241127683297
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.23582999999999987
    change_pct_from_t0
    26.557432432432417
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    5.2060727512587395
    change_in_volatility_units
    5.101241127683297
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.1238299999999999
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    9.03608007440396
    t0_value
    0.888
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    26.557432432432417
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    5.101241127683297
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.23582999999999987
    change_pct_from_t0
    26.557432432432417
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    5.2060727512587395
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    5.101241127683297

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint ab9e214bc4677d33605cecd14eef7ad8cffce9987198bc10ba848441676448e1 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  10. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's tax-inclusive diesel price moved +1.6%, which is 0.7 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — within that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.536
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    3.4788535516260835
    t0_value
    1.512
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    1.5873015873015888
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    0.6690703912840354
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.02400000000000002
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.5873015873015888
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    2.372398491966361
    change_in_volatility_units
    0.6690703912840354
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.536
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    3.4788535516260835
    t0_value
    1.512
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    1.5873015873015888
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    0.6690703912840354
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.02400000000000002
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.5873015873015888
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    2.372398491966361
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    0.6690703912840354

    Template event.price_move.within_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 5d1628b8a3cfe4f732ea469fd49a62fb8584d16d7b8249f0c4ad5ed22b55952d · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  11. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's tax-inclusive diesel price moved +22.0%, which is 9.3 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.845
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    10.109328478086896
    t0_value
    1.512
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    22.023809523809522
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    9.283351679065982
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.33299999999999996
    change_pct_from_t0
    22.023809523809522
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    2.372398491966361
    change_in_volatility_units
    9.283351679065982
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.845
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    10.109328478086896
    t0_value
    1.512
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    22.023809523809522
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    9.283351679065982
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.33299999999999996
    change_pct_from_t0
    22.023809523809522
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    2.372398491966361
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    9.283351679065982

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 175a35553dd525bf3cb5fb1efb77912a1391a1385ef9479ce1f7c6063f43a8b9 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  12. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Estonia's tax-inclusive diesel price moved +18.7%, which is 7.9 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.795
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    9.036436095164433
    t0_value
    1.512
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    18.71693121693121
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    7.889455030557575
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.2829999999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    18.71693121693121
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    2.372398491966361
    change_in_volatility_units
    7.889455030557575
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.795
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    z_score
    9.036436095164433
    t0_value
    1.512
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    18.71693121693121
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_EE_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    7.889455030557575
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.2829999999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    18.71693121693121
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    2.372398491966361
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    7.889455030557575

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 47bdc4041b19092bcba6d65479003f347a2e77ad1a1a1bff7042b428bdb43026 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  13. Over the 4 weeks after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), crude costs alone would have moved Estonia's pre-tax petrol price by +9.6 c/L (range +2.4–+16.8); it actually moved +14.2 c/L, leaving +4.5 c/L not explained by crude.

    about EstoniaCalculatedMedium
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    4
    status
    COMPUTED
    country
    Estonia
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    offset_weeks
    4
    proxy_product
    GASOLINE
    proxy_to_date
    2022-03-21
    pass_through_k
    1
    proxy_from_date
    2022-02-18
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    gap_eur_per_litre
    0.045462694660539676
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","eia_brent_rbrte"]
    anchor_period_start
    2022-02-21
    actual_eur_per_litre
    0.14166
    expected_eur_per_litre
    0.09619730533946033
    proxy_volatility_units
    -0.11680573781220037
    pass_through_sample_end
    2026-09-14
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    -4.018000000000001
    pass_through_sample_start
    2023-09-25
    pass_through_window_label
    ROLLING_156W
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    0.02448440129314413
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    0.1679102093857765
    proxy_normal_volatility_pct
    180.79993207863203
    Thresholds
    source
    docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.7; horizons are a v1 choice of this module
    proxy_rule
    the proxy sentence is added only when the US crack spread proxy moved by at least UNUSUAL_MOVE_VOLATILITY_UNITS of its normal day-to-day variation over the same weeks
    confidence_cap
    MEDIUM (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.5)
    statement_weeks
    [4,13]
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    4
    status
    COMPUTED
    country
    Estonia
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    offset_weeks
    4
    proxy_product
    GASOLINE
    proxy_to_date
    2022-03-21
    pass_through_k
    1
    proxy_from_date
    2022-02-18
    statement_topic
    event
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    gap_eur_per_litre
    0.045462694660539676
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","eia_brent_rbrte"]
    anchor_period_start
    2022-02-21
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    actual_eur_per_litre
    0.14166
    expected_eur_per_litre
    0.09619730533946033
    proxy_volatility_units
    -0.11680573781220037
    pass_through_sample_end
    2026-09-14
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    -4.018000000000001
    pass_through_sample_start
    2023-09-25
    pass_through_window_label
    ROLLING_156W
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    0.02448440129314413
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    0.1679102093857765
    proxy_normal_volatility_pct
    180.79993207863203

    Template event.crude_only.computed v1.1 · Fingerprint 18c3774e0180d33176d7e3261fe8850733eb33eb3f8e1e7803926023c0b614cb · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  14. Over the 13 weeks after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), crude costs alone would have moved Estonia's pre-tax petrol price by +18.3 c/L (range +4.9–+31.8); it actually moved +27.6 c/L, leaving +9.2 c/L not explained by crude.

    about EstoniaCalculatedMedium
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    13
    status
    COMPUTED
    country
    Estonia
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    offset_weeks
    13
    proxy_product
    GASOLINE
    proxy_to_date
    2022-05-23
    pass_through_k
    1
    proxy_from_date
    2022-02-18
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    gap_eur_per_litre
    0.09249330898501015
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","eia_brent_rbrte"]
    anchor_period_start
    2022-02-21
    actual_eur_per_litre
    0.2758299999999999
    expected_eur_per_litre
    0.18333669101498976
    proxy_volatility_units
    0.8092678270821386
    pass_through_sample_end
    2026-09-14
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    27.837999999999997
    pass_through_sample_start
    2023-09-25
    pass_through_window_label
    ROLLING_156W
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    0.04890576615073702
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    0.31776761587924157
    proxy_normal_volatility_pct
    180.79993207863203
    Thresholds
    source
    docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.7; horizons are a v1 choice of this module
    proxy_rule
    the proxy sentence is added only when the US crack spread proxy moved by at least UNUSUAL_MOVE_VOLATILITY_UNITS of its normal day-to-day variation over the same weeks
    confidence_cap
    MEDIUM (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.5)
    statement_weeks
    [4,13]
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    13
    status
    COMPUTED
    country
    Estonia
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_EE_EURO_SUPER_95
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    offset_weeks
    13
    proxy_product
    GASOLINE
    proxy_to_date
    2022-05-23
    pass_through_k
    1
    proxy_from_date
    2022-02-18
    statement_topic
    event
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    gap_eur_per_litre
    0.09249330898501015
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","eia_brent_rbrte"]
    anchor_period_start
    2022-02-21
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    actual_eur_per_litre
    0.2758299999999999
    expected_eur_per_litre
    0.18333669101498976
    proxy_volatility_units
    0.8092678270821386
    pass_through_sample_end
    2026-09-14
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    27.837999999999997
    pass_through_sample_start
    2023-09-25
    pass_through_window_label
    ROLLING_156W
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    0.04890576615073702
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    0.31776761587924157
    proxy_normal_volatility_pct
    180.79993207863203

    Template event.crude_only.computed v1.1 · Fingerprint f342e1ee84c661ccfef91cb61f1a2c09b16a8f79bd7b1711cf7b10332dd062c8 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  15. Over the 4 weeks after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), crude costs alone would have moved Estonia's pre-tax diesel price by +24.3 c/L (range +13.5–+35.2); it actually moved +27.7 c/L, leaving +3.4 c/L not explained by crude. Over the same period the US diesel crack spread, a proxy for the Atlantic product market and not a European margin, widened by 22.2 $/bbl.

    about EstoniaCalculatedMedium
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    4
    status
    COMPUTED
    country
    Estonia
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_EE_DIESEL
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    offset_weeks
    4
    proxy_product
    DIESEL
    proxy_to_date
    2022-03-21
    pass_through_k
    2
    proxy_from_date
    2022-02-18
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    gap_eur_per_litre
    0.03411169367269262
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","eia_brent_rbrte"]
    anchor_period_start
    2022-02-21
    actual_eur_per_litre
    0.27749999999999997
    expected_eur_per_litre
    0.24338830632730735
    proxy_volatility_units
    12.233577860390142
    pass_through_sample_end
    2026-09-14
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    22.231999999999996
    pass_through_sample_start
    2023-09-25
    pass_through_window_label
    ROLLING_156W
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    0.13513212656789442
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    0.35164448608672066
    proxy_normal_volatility_pct
    8.450955055544933
    Thresholds
    source
    docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.7; horizons are a v1 choice of this module
    proxy_rule
    the proxy sentence is added only when the US crack spread proxy moved by at least UNUSUAL_MOVE_VOLATILITY_UNITS of its normal day-to-day variation over the same weeks
    confidence_cap
    MEDIUM (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.5)
    statement_weeks
    [4,13]
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    4
    status
    COMPUTED
    country
    Estonia
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_EE_DIESEL
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    offset_weeks
    4
    proxy_product
    DIESEL
    proxy_to_date
    2022-03-21
    pass_through_k
    2
    proxy_from_date
    2022-02-18
    statement_topic
    event
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    gap_eur_per_litre
    0.03411169367269262
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","eia_brent_rbrte"]
    anchor_period_start
    2022-02-21
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    actual_eur_per_litre
    0.27749999999999997
    expected_eur_per_litre
    0.24338830632730735
    proxy_volatility_units
    12.233577860390142
    pass_through_sample_end
    2026-09-14
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    22.231999999999996
    pass_through_sample_start
    2023-09-25
    pass_through_window_label
    ROLLING_156W
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    0.13513212656789442
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    0.35164448608672066
    proxy_normal_volatility_pct
    8.450955055544933

    Template event.crude_only.computed_with_proxy v1.1 · Fingerprint c876ba571894e99083c41d29f8fb5b6719fce3ec3cfdbbaae04a32d65a2832b8 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  16. Over the 13 weeks after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), crude costs alone would have moved Estonia's pre-tax diesel price by +32.8 c/L (range +9.3–+56.4); it actually moved +23.6 c/L, leaving -9.3 c/L not explained by crude. Over the same period the US diesel crack spread, a proxy for the Atlantic product market and not a European margin, widened by 29.9 $/bbl.

    about EstoniaCalculatedMedium
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    13
    status
    COMPUTED
    country
    Estonia
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_EE_DIESEL
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    offset_weeks
    13
    proxy_product
    DIESEL
    proxy_to_date
    2022-05-23
    pass_through_k
    2
    proxy_from_date
    2022-02-18
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    gap_eur_per_litre
    -0.09256158107322016
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","eia_brent_rbrte"]
    anchor_period_start
    2022-02-21
    actual_eur_per_litre
    0.23582999999999987
    expected_eur_per_litre
    0.32839158107322003
    proxy_volatility_units
    16.427727304969743
    pass_through_sample_end
    2026-09-14
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    29.853999999999996
    pass_through_sample_start
    2023-09-25
    pass_through_window_label
    ROLLING_156W
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    0.09315796151455832
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    0.5636252006318799
    proxy_normal_volatility_pct
    8.450955055544933
    Thresholds
    source
    docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.7; horizons are a v1 choice of this module
    proxy_rule
    the proxy sentence is added only when the US crack spread proxy moved by at least UNUSUAL_MOVE_VOLATILITY_UNITS of its normal day-to-day variation over the same weeks
    confidence_cap
    MEDIUM (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.5)
    statement_weeks
    [4,13]
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    13
    status
    COMPUTED
    country
    Estonia
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_EE_DIESEL
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    offset_weeks
    13
    proxy_product
    DIESEL
    proxy_to_date
    2022-05-23
    pass_through_k
    2
    proxy_from_date
    2022-02-18
    statement_topic
    event
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    gap_eur_per_litre
    -0.09256158107322016
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","eia_brent_rbrte"]
    anchor_period_start
    2022-02-21
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    actual_eur_per_litre
    0.23582999999999987
    expected_eur_per_litre
    0.32839158107322003
    proxy_volatility_units
    16.427727304969743
    pass_through_sample_end
    2026-09-14
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    29.853999999999996
    pass_through_sample_start
    2023-09-25
    pass_through_window_label
    ROLLING_156W
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    0.09315796151455832
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    0.5636252006318799
    proxy_normal_volatility_pct
    8.450955055544933

    Template event.crude_only.computed_with_proxy v1.1 · Fingerprint 1bafddc79d97ce5aa40d081a82a122bc95184836ed708cb66a39da73d75d1c3b · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  17. Direct physical dependence on Hormuz-linked crude for Estonia in 2022-02 is UNKNOWN: the source reports zero imports for this period, so there is no volume to take a share of - this is a reported zero, not missing data.

    about EstoniaUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    % of imported tonnes
    period
    2022-02
    status
    NO_OBSERVATION
    country
    Estonia
    commodity
    crude
    dimension
    DIRECT_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    value_max_pct
    null
    value_min_pct
    null
    exposure_status
    UNKNOWN
    value_point_pct
    null
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/METHODOLOGY.md §9 publishes no bands
    band_applied_to
    upper bound of the range (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md §3.2: a range has no meaningful midpoint)
    dependence_limited_max_pct
    10
    dependence_moderate_max_pct
    33
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    % of imported tonnes
    period
    2022-02
    status
    NO_OBSERVATION
    country
    Estonia
    commodity
    crude
    dimension
    DIRECT_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    value_max_pct
    null
    value_min_pct
    null
    exposure_status
    UNKNOWN
    statement_topic
    hormuz
    value_point_pct
    null
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.dependence.unknown v1.1 · Fingerprint 61abd41b1554ae165ca9df9726ce9dcff3174e6a7d2442c19a247061f38420b9 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  18. Direct physical dependence on Hormuz-linked refined product was limited (0%) for Estonia in 2022-02.

    about EstoniaCalculatedHigh
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    band
    limited
    unit
    % of imported tonnes
    period
    2022-02
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    commodity
    refined product
    dimension
    DIRECT_PRODUCT
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    value_max_pct
    0
    value_min_pct
    0
    exposure_status
    COMPUTED
    value_point_pct
    0
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/METHODOLOGY.md §9 publishes no bands
    band_applied_to
    upper bound of the range (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md §3.2: a range has no meaningful midpoint)
    dependence_limited_max_pct
    10
    dependence_moderate_max_pct
    33
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    band
    limited
    unit
    % of imported tonnes
    period
    2022-02
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    commodity
    refined product
    dimension
    DIRECT_PRODUCT
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    value_max_pct
    0
    value_min_pct
    0
    exposure_status
    COMPUTED
    statement_topic
    hormuz
    value_point_pct
    0
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.dependence.point v1.1 · Fingerprint 6d27ed08bae4208a80a34fd243244a74875ca6465fed4cc27cbcf7f43079feb4 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  19. Whether Estonia's crude supply was physically reduced in 2022-02 is UNKNOWN: only 12 month(s) of comparison data, fewer than the 6 required.

    about EstoniaUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    tonnes
    month
    2022-02
    country
    Estonia
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    partner_role
    ORIGIN
    value_tonnes
    0
    baseline_months
    12
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    series_source_ids
    ["eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm"]
    baseline_mean_tonnes
    0
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/METHODOLOGY.md publishes no cut-off
    min_baseline_months
    6
    baseline_months_used
    12
    supply_reduction_pct
    -10
    supply_baseline_months
    12
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    tonnes
    month
    2022-02
    country
    Estonia
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    partner_role
    ORIGIN
    value_tonnes
    0
    baseline_months
    12
    statement_topic
    event
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    series_source_ids
    ["eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm"]
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    baseline_mean_tonnes
    0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.supply.unknown v1.1 · Fingerprint 609916e995b38833715f255181b2448d929bd4e664b215f6bf6aea61defbe0c8 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  20. In 2022-02, Estonia's oil stocks stood 11.5% below their trailing 12-month mean, with 91.0 days of cover (as published).

    about EstoniaCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    tonnes
    month
    2022-02
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    direction
    below
    siec_code
    O4000
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    holder_type
    STK_CL
    series_code
    INVENTORY_EE
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    days_of_cover
    91
    metric_status
    COMPUTED
    mom_change_pct
    -9.049773755656108
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    series_source_ids
    ["eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm"]
    total_stock_tonnes
    402000
    days_of_cover_basis
    as published by Eurostat (nrg_stk_oem, STK_EUE_DIR); not stocks divided by consumption (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md D7)
    observation_gap_days
    23
    trailing_12m_mean_tonnes
    454250
    level_vs_trailing_12m_pct
    -11.502476609796368
    trailing_12m_observations
    12
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/METHODOLOGY.md publishes no band
    band_applied_to
    the rounded figure printed in the sentence
    days_of_cover_basis
    as published (Eurostat nrg_stk_oem, STK_EUE_DIR); never stocks divided by consumption (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md D7)
    trailing_window_months
    12
    level_vs_trailing_12m_pct_raw
    -11.502476609796368
    level_vs_trailing_12m_pct_shown
    -11.5
    inventory_material_deviation_pct
    5
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    tonnes
    month
    2022-02
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Estonia
    direction
    below
    siec_code
    O4000
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    holder_type
    STK_CL
    series_code
    INVENTORY_EE
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    days_of_cover
    91
    metric_status
    COMPUTED
    mom_change_pct
    -9.049773755656108
    statement_topic
    event
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    series_source_ids
    ["eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm"]
    total_stock_tonnes
    402000
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    days_of_cover_basis
    as published by Eurostat (nrg_stk_oem, STK_EUE_DIR); not stocks divided by consumption (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md D7)
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    23
    trailing_12m_mean_tonnes
    454250
    level_vs_trailing_12m_pct
    -11.502476609796368
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    trailing_12m_observations
    12

    Template event.inventory_level.below v1.1 · Fingerprint b5f3c565f8db895041694c47269738f10d8444d444c4a4f3b5d2d7f616d3695b · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  21. Summary of what can be checked here

    Only part of the chain can be checked for Estonia around Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022): 4 of the 8 series the method compares are available (crude benchmark, inventories, pre-tax pump price and pump price with tax), while refined-product benchmark, refining margin, freight rates and wholesale prices are not. Any claim that rests on the missing links cannot be tested here. This page describes what each series did around the event date. It is not a finding about cause: no causal design is published for this site, and a series that moved in the same window may have moved for other reasons.

    about EstoniaUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    country
    Estonia
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    dependence_band
    null
    dependence_range
    null
    channels_available
    ["crude benchmark","inventories","pre-tax pump price","pump price with tax"]
    supply_template_id
    event.supply.unknown
    channels_unavailable
    ["refined-product benchmark","refining margin","freight rates","wholesale prices"]
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; the channel list is docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.3
    channels_total
    8
    channels_available
    4
    verdict_partial_min_channels
    3
    verdict_assessable_min_channels
    8
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    country
    Estonia
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    country_iso2
    EE
    country_name
    Estonia
    country_slug
    estonia
    dependence_band
    null
    statement_topic
    event
    dependence_range
    null
    channels_available
    ["crude benchmark","inventories","pre-tax pump price","pump price with tax"]
    supply_template_id
    event.supply.unknown
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    channels_unavailable
    ["refined-product benchmark","refining margin","freight rates","wholesale prices"]
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.verdict.partial v1.1 · Fingerprint 23f6958d4e32fa55b6f1098af604fbd3b3cb4052733d4ee5e3dc2201cd448b9a · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  22. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), the Brent crude benchmark moved +13.9%, which is 3.2 times its normal day-to-day variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about the event as a wholeCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    115.36
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    5.841150770454914
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    13.890808569454036
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    BRENT
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-03-03
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    3.203825480890899
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    14.069999999999993
    change_pct_from_t0
    13.890808569454036
    observation_gap_days
    0
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    change_in_volatility_units
    3.203825480890899
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (day-to-day)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    115.36
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    5.841150770454914
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    13.890808569454036
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    BRENT
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-03-03
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    3.203825480890899
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    14.069999999999993
    change_pct_from_t0
    13.890808569454036
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    0
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    3.203825480890899

    Template event.benchmark_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 499e14f143cd15685ef1480ed3fa89cd45abe5f0647c7ec6a69249dfc87c1dd1 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  23. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), the Brent crude benchmark moved +21.1%, which is 4.9 times its normal day-to-day variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about the event as a wholeCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    122.67
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    6.996054504576924
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    21.107710534109977
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    BRENT
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-03-25
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    4.868357411616733
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    21.379999999999995
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.107710534109977
    observation_gap_days
    1
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    change_in_volatility_units
    4.868357411616733
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (day-to-day)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    122.67
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    6.996054504576924
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    21.107710534109977
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    BRENT
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-03-25
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    4.868357411616733
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    21.379999999999995
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.107710534109977
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    1
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    4.868357411616733

    Template event.benchmark_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 216049ee46b7aafc7c24ef4f74d592168c4ca36a76f9b7e30eb4f402126d0f04 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  24. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), the Brent crude benchmark moved +14.9%, which is 3.4 times its normal day-to-day variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about the event as a wholeCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    116.41
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    6.007039815711837
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    14.927436074637171
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    BRENT
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-05-25
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    3.4429169346887267
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    15.11999999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    14.927436074637171
    observation_gap_days
    0
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    change_in_volatility_units
    3.4429169346887267
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (day-to-day)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    116.41
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    6.007039815711837
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    14.927436074637171
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    BRENT
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-05-25
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    3.4429169346887267
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    15.11999999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    14.927436074637171
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    0
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    3.4429169346887267

    Template event.benchmark_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 3c4d928f0edacc86e86f81949df4a6221c6a157e987b0435ccf81af9f53e267c · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  25. Freight rates reaction cannot be assessed: tanker freight rates are licensed such that public display, onward passing and derived data are all expressly prohibited, verified verbatim, and no open institution publishes a tanker rate.

    about the event as a wholeUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["freight rates"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_FREIGHT_SOURCE
    Thresholds
    source
    CLAUDE.md §1; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.1 (a series with no licensed source is visible as a gap)
    any_missing_channel_is_disclosed
    true
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["freight rates"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_FREIGHT_SOURCE
    statement_topic
    event
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.channel.unavailable v1.1 · Fingerprint 06b89c2e9e647323c15398c394cf050a39c9a42ef3b469967cce5fff091ed96a · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  26. Refined-product benchmark reaction cannot be assessed: EU refined-product benchmarks (Platts / Argus) are proprietary with no redistribution grant. US crack spreads are not a valid EU proxy and are not substituted.

    about the event as a wholeUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["refined-product benchmark"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_PRODUCT_BENCHMARK
    Thresholds
    source
    CLAUDE.md §1; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.1 (a series with no licensed source is visible as a gap)
    any_missing_channel_is_disclosed
    true
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["refined-product benchmark"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_PRODUCT_BENCHMARK
    statement_topic
    event
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.channel.unavailable v1.1 · Fingerprint eacf068451f42ad71340259d5f692acb03bf66b7a7d6f730ade5a819ff7d1005 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  27. Wholesale prices reaction cannot be assessed: wholesale / rack price series are proprietary with no redistribution grant.

    about the event as a wholeUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["wholesale prices"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_WHOLESALE_SERIES
    Thresholds
    source
    CLAUDE.md §1; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.1 (a series with no licensed source is visible as a gap)
    any_missing_channel_is_disclosed
    true
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["wholesale prices"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_WHOLESALE_SERIES
    statement_topic
    event
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.channel.unavailable v1.1 · Fingerprint 0a8ec24923eb853f8772aa729f8ec775267350a63bc1d8e64f27facfb62978a7 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  28. Refining margin reaction cannot be assessed: no published refining-margin series is held, and computing a margin ourselves would need the licensed EU product benchmarks, which may not be republished.

    about the event as a wholeUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["refining margin"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_REFINERY_MARGIN_SERIES
    Thresholds
    source
    CLAUDE.md §1; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.1 (a series with no licensed source is visible as a gap)
    any_missing_channel_is_disclosed
    true
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["refining margin"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_REFINERY_MARGIN_SERIES
    statement_topic
    event
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.channel.unavailable v1.1 · Fingerprint 92e561b810be016411f6a7bbc96381cc8ebec1f6df6e0ae2fd7fc342f4dc1c9f · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

What this does not show

  • It does not show that the event caused anything. No causal design is published for this site, and a series that moved in this window may have moved for other reasons.
  • A change in volatility units is not a significance test, and neither is a z-score. They measure different things and are not interchangeable.
  • Channels with no licensed or loaded source are shown as empty panels, not as flat lines. “We cannot see this” is not “this did not move”.
  • Nothing is interpolated. Where several offsets resolve to one published figure, that is what the publisher printed, and the change against the event date is zero because it is the same number.

Estonia: supply, refineries and pump prices →

How to read the labels

  • OfficialReported directly by an official authority.
  • VerifiedReported by a third party we have verified against a primary record.
  • CalculatedComputed by us from reported inputs. The method is published on the methodology page.
  • Inferred · highNot reported. Inferred from at least two independent physical records.
  • Inferred · mediumNot reported. Inferred from strong indirect evidence, with no explicit confirmation.
  • Inferred · lowNot reported. Plausible from infrastructure or movement data only. Do not read as fact.
  • UnknownNo defensible public evidence establishes this. We are not guessing, and this is not a measurement of zero.