Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,664 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (11%), and 67% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (35) | Other EU (18) | 1,576,261 | — | Summed by usSum of 17 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 675,000 | 55.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 535,284 | 57.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 477,200 | 79.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Italy | 332,836 | 66.2% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Other EU (18) | 307,300 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | France | 297,000 | 24.5% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 290,781 | 47.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Spain | 284,587 | 51.0% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Poland | 284,578 | 47.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 222,543 | 24.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (18) | 222,294 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 214,714 | 35.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 212,276 | 74.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 206,296 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Germany | 166,410 | 18.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Spain | 162,696 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 145,699 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 144,356 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 132,000 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Belgium | 115,200 | 19.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 110,990 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Netherlands | 109,779 | 18.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 103,094 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 99,694 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | France | 91,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Austria | 48,841 | 17.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Italy | 25,172 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 24,237 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 18,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (18) | 15,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (18) | 2,149 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.