Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,169 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (11%) and the United States (7%), and 66% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands1.24 Mt (17%)Germany874 kt (12%)Saudi Arabia801 kt (11%)Belgium697 kt (10%)United States519 kt (7%)Other origins (37)3.00 Mt (42%)Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)Germany1.04 Mt (15%)France957 kt (13%)Netherlands604 kt (8%)Poland594 kt (8%)Belgium463 kt (6%)Italy400 kt (6%)Spain345 kt (5%)Czechia341 kt (5%)Other EU (18)2.42 Mt (34%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (37) | Other EU (18) | 1,717,116 | — | Summed by usSum of 17 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 526,623 | 50.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 332,800 | 71.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 321,271 | 53.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 295,000 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Germany | 275,861 | 26.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 253,646 | 63.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 252,000 | 73.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (18) | 242,297 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 217,000 | 22.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 215,969 | 36.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Netherlands | 195,261 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Poland | 191,348 | 32.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 189,920 | 18.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | France | 181,000 | 18.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (18) | 176,700 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Spain | 156,076 | 45.3% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 127,732 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 119,198 | 34.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 110,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 107,615 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Italy | 102,036 | 25.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 95,157 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Belgium | 94,900 | 20.5% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Poland | 92,019 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Czechia | 89,000 | 26.1% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 87,124 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 69,575 | 20.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 66,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 58,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 50,965 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (18) | 50,294 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Italy | 40,701 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 30,000 | 3.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 24,600 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,700 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 3,096 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.