Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,690 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (9%) and Saudi Arabia (5%), and 64% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total to EU member states (Sep 2023)
1.35 million tonnes
17% of reported EU road diesel imports
Official
Top destination countries
- Belgium478 kt (36%)
- Germany473 kt (35%)
- Other EU (17)171 kt (13%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (37) | Other EU (17) | 1,606,982 | — | Summed by usSum of 17 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 478,400 | 81.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 473,391 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | France | 457,000 | 35.3% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Netherlands | 448,965 | 47.0% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 309,000 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Poland | 306,710 | 46.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Germany | 291,659 | 30.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | France | 288,000 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Spain | 259,237 | 87.4% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Italy | 252,421 | 59.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Austria | 249,726 | 75.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 223,037 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (17) | 178,114 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 170,870 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 170,043 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 148,142 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 135,572 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 124,901 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (17) | 108,386 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 101,363 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Belgium | 99,000 | 16.8% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 98,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 95,608 | 22.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (17) | 90,907 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Poland | 90,576 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Austria | 81,438 | 24.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | France | 76,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 66,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 64,473 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 39,071 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Spain | 33,320 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Poland | 33,240 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Italy | 14,378 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 11,106 | 1.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,300 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 4,167 | 1.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.