Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 8,804 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (9%), the United States (9%) and India (6%), and 60% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands1.83 Mt (21%)Saudi Arabia824 kt (9%)Belgium811 kt (9%)United States756 kt (9%)Germany652 kt (7%)Other origins (37)3.93 Mt (45%)France1.55 Mt (18%)Germany1.30 Mt (15%)Netherlands941 kt (11%)Spain615 kt (7%)Poland525 kt (6%)Italy498 kt (6%)Belgium431 kt (5%)Austria331 kt (4%)Other EU (17)2.61 Mt (30%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (37) | Other EU (17) | 1,646,844 | — | Summed by usSum of 16 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 728,543 | 55.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | France | 714,000 | 45.9% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Netherlands | 480,331 | 51.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Spain | 383,373 | 62.4% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Italy | 371,083 | 74.5% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 354,136 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 354,000 | 82.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 312,000 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 293,361 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 276,458 | 21.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 249,307 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 232,450 | 70.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 226,958 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 217,591 | 41.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 204,000 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (17) | 201,868 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 190,000 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 136,257 | 26.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (17) | 130,061 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Poland | 126,420 | 24.1% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 121,185 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 116,050 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 107,069 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 105,000 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Austria | 99,007 | 29.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 97,931 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Belgium | 61,700 | 14.3% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 50,804 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Germany | 49,819 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (17) | 45,135 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Poland | 44,679 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 29,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 26,379 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 10,100 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Italy | 5,749 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 3,800 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 1,200 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.