Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,807 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (8%), Saudi Arabia (8%) and the United States (7%), and 58% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (33) | Other EU (17) | 1,673,272 | — | Summed by usSum of 16 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 719,872 | 42.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | France | 540,000 | 48.5% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (33) | Germany | 437,395 | 26.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Other EU (17) | 392,707 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (33) | Spain | 359,509 | 85.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 353,400 | 86.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 334,000 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Netherlands | 302,870 | 36.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 301,361 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Poland | 256,514 | 58.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Netherlands | 247,977 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Germany | 225,276 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Romania | 193,000 | 65.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 162,739 | 51.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 155,072 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Italy | 145,893 | 46.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 125,310 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 98,052 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 93,855 | 21.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (17) | 78,715 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 70,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 70,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Romania | 67,000 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 61,226 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 60,856 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 55,650 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 41,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (33) | Belgium | 33,700 | 8.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Poland | 33,037 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 33,000 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 31,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 27,000 | 2.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 20,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 6,352 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.