Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 8,609 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (11%), the United Arab Emirates (8%) and the United States (7%), and 55% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (38) | Other EU (17) | 1,571,621 | — | Summed by usSum of 16 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 670,167 | 45.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Netherlands | 594,153 | 72.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 554,000 | 35.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Germany | 492,061 | 33.5% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (38) | France | 356,000 | 23.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (38) | Spain | 335,138 | 73.7% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 318,800 | 53.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 256,028 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Poland | 244,438 | 43.5% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Austria | 240,301 | 72.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 211,000 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 205,659 | 37.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (17) | 199,284 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 198,000 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (17) | 188,967 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 173,836 | 30.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 173,516 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Italy | 165,487 | 29.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Belgium | 163,300 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 162,000 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 153,741 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 153,450 | 18.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 143,449 | 25.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Belgium | 119,700 | 19.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (17) | 101,749 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 97,502 | 21.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Austria | 90,817 | 27.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 68,850 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Other EU (17) | 63,058 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | Germany | 49,299 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 34,000 | 2.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | France | 28,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 21,910 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Italy | 10,020 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.