Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,454 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (7%) and India (7%), and 68% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Saudi Arabia509 kt (7%)India496 kt (7%)United States297 kt (4%)United Arab Emirates201 kt (3%)Qatar173 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU698 kt (9%)Netherlands1.51 Mt (20%)Belgium839 kt (11%)Germany623 kt (8%)Italy448 kt (6%)Spain307 kt (4%)Finland234 kt (3%)Sweden173 kt (2%)Other EU member states912 kt (12%)Origin not reported34 kt (<1%)France1.28 Mt (17%)Germany1.14 Mt (15%)Poland601 kt (8%)Netherlands598 kt (8%)Belgium414 kt (6%)Italy411 kt (6%)Austria332 kt (4%)Spain324 kt (4%)Romania300 kt (4%)Sweden272 kt (4%)Czechia229 kt (3%)Slovenia215 kt (3%)Ireland213 kt (3%)Hungary170 kt (2%)Croatia154 kt (2%)Slovakia149 kt (2%)Luxembourg108 kt (1%)Latvia107 kt (1%)Portugal97 kt (1%)Estonia80 kt (1%)Lithuania78 kt (1%)Greece75 kt (1%)Bulgaria58 kt (<1%)Cyprus34 kt (<1%)Malta13 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Saudi Arabia509 kt (7%)
- India496 kt (7%)
- United States297 kt (4%)
- United Arab Emirates201 kt (3%)
- Qatar173 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU698 kt (9%)
- Netherlands1.51 Mt (20%)
- Belgium839 kt (11%)
- Germany623 kt (8%)
- Italy448 kt (6%)
- Spain307 kt (4%)
- Finland234 kt (3%)
- Sweden173 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states912 kt (12%)
- Origin not reported34 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 614,524 | 53.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 405,700 | 98.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 317,000 | 24.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 242,436 | 73.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 220,000 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 208,000 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 202,919 | 49.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 197,771 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 192,935 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 187,770 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Romania | 182,000 | 60.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Netherlands | 173,469 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 152,000 | 70.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 148,000 | 64.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Germany | 139,171 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Poland | 128,218 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 127,000 | 9.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 125,107 | 38.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 119,000 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 116,519 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 99,000 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 98,310 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 98,000 | 57.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 96,756 | 35.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 91,399 | 59.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovakia | 88,308 | 59.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 85,001 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 84,526 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 82,925 | 7.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Ireland | 82,010 | 38.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 81,430 | 76.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 77,000 | 33.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 77,000 | 25.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 76,140 | 78.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 75,204 | 69.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 73,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 69,952 | 17.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 62,806 | 40.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 61,934 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 61,192 | 22.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 60,973 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 58,949 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 57,802 | 17.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 55,471 | 73.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 53,000 | 12.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 52,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 52,000 | 8.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 51,778 | 34.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 51,000 | 30.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 49,837 | 15.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 49,366 | 85.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 49,000 | 61.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 47,012 | 22.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Spain | 46,828 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 45,027 | 16.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 43,357 | 7.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Germany | 38,127 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 36,000 | 16.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 34,933 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 34,708 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 34,000 | 2.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 33,000 | 11.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Germany | 32,872 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 31,856 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Lithuania | 30,100 | 38.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 30,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 27,226 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 27,000 | 12.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Netherlands | 21,457 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 21,239 | 21.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 21,000 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Lithuania | 20,500 | 26.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia | 20,400 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 20,357 | 59.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Greece | 19,835 | 26.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 19,779 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 18,489 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 17,960 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 16,000 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Estonia | 15,000 | 18.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 13,717 | 40.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 13,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 12,618 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 11,411 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Ireland | 11,377 | 5.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 10,816 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden | 10,090 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Germany | 10,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 9,633 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Malta | 9,304 | 72.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 8,888 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia | 8,780 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 8,219 | 14.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 8,200 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 8,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Romania | 8,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 6,400 | 8.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 5,378 | 1.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Czechia | 4,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Malta | 3,520 | 27.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia | 3,335 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Latvia | 1,530 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia | 151 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
8 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.