Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,454 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (7%) and India (7%), and 68% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands1.51 Mt (20%)Belgium839 kt (11%)Germany623 kt (8%)Saudi Arabia509 kt (7%)India496 kt (7%)Italy448 kt (6%)Spain307 kt (4%)United States297 kt (4%)Other origins (34)2.39 Mt (32%)Origin not reported34 kt (<1%)France1.28 Mt (17%)Germany1.14 Mt (15%)Poland601 kt (8%)Netherlands598 kt (8%)Belgium414 kt (6%)Other EU (20)3.42 Mt (46%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- France
- Germany
- Poland
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Other EU (20)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (34) | Other EU (20) | 1,570,707 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 614,524 | 53.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (20) | 419,861 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Other EU (20) | 417,666 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 405,700 | 98.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 317,000 | 24.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (34) | Poland | 278,528 | 46.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (34) | Netherlands | 252,940 | 42.3% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | France | 220,000 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (20) | 216,859 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (20) | 215,992 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 208,000 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (20) | 202,342 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 197,771 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 192,935 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 187,770 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (20) | 167,673 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (34) | Germany | 153,390 | 13.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Germany | 139,171 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (20) | 131,052 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (34) | France | 127,000 | 9.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | France | 119,000 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 116,519 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 99,000 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 85,001 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Other EU (20) | 76,140 | 78.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 73,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 52,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 38,127 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 34,933 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 34,000 | 2.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Italy | France | 30,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 21,457 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 18,489 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 10,816 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (34) | Belgium | 8,300 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.