Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,690 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (9%) and Saudi Arabia (5%), and 64% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
India689 kt (9%)Saudi Arabia413 kt (5%)United States361 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates273 kt (4%)Qatar273 kt (4%)Kuwait220 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU559 kt (7%)Netherlands1.35 Mt (17%)Germany751 kt (10%)Belgium672 kt (9%)Italy394 kt (5%)Spain303 kt (4%)Sweden219 kt (3%)Other EU member states1.20 Mt (16%)Origin not reported15 kt (<1%)France1.29 Mt (17%)Netherlands956 kt (12%)Germany946 kt (12%)Poland657 kt (9%)Belgium588 kt (8%)Italy427 kt (6%)Austria331 kt (4%)Spain297 kt (4%)Sweden249 kt (3%)Slovenia237 kt (3%)Romania235 kt (3%)Czechia230 kt (3%)Ireland217 kt (3%)Hungary178 kt (2%)Croatia153 kt (2%)Portugal124 kt (2%)Slovakia104 kt (1%)Latvia101 kt (1%)Luxembourg81 kt (1%)Greece78 kt (1%)Estonia68 kt (<1%)Lithuania63 kt (<1%)Bulgaria34 kt (<1%)Cyprus28 kt (<1%)Malta13 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- India689 kt (9%)
- Saudi Arabia413 kt (5%)
- United States361 kt (5%)
- United Arab Emirates273 kt (4%)
- Qatar273 kt (4%)
- Kuwait220 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU559 kt (7%)
- Netherlands1.35 Mt (17%)
- Germany751 kt (10%)
- Belgium672 kt (9%)
- Italy394 kt (5%)
- Spain303 kt (4%)
- Sweden219 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states1.20 Mt (16%)
- Origin not reported15 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Belgium | 478,400 | 81.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 473,391 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 309,000 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 288,000 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 249,726 | 75.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Netherlands | 233,202 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 223,037 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 170,043 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 165,000 | 92.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 153,125 | 16.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Netherlands | 148,142 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 146,000 | 63.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 140,303 | 56.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Poland | 140,136 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 135,572 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 132,000 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 131,343 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 131,000 | 55.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 126,466 | 19.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 124,901 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 108,543 | 87.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 101,363 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 101,000 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 98,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 95,608 | 22.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 95,275 | 94.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Ireland | 91,341 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 90,576 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Romania | 90,000 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 86,982 | 56.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 84,000 | 36.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 76,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 72,245 | 24.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 71,000 | 30.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 68,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 67,701 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Germany | 67,595 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 67,250 | 7.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Belgium | 66,900 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 66,366 | 43.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 66,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 65,649 | 81.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 64,473 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Italy | 62,341 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 62,331 | 25.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Greece | 62,101 | 79.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 62,000 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 58,516 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 57,230 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 57,000 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 56,328 | 17.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 55,490 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 55,000 | 23.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovakia | 52,616 | 50.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 49,000 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 47,348 | 11.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 46,037 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 43,841 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 42,737 | 19.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 41,881 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 40,108 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | France | 40,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 39,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Lithuania | 38,000 | 60.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 37,610 | 36.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 37,000 | 15.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 34,000 | 14.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 33,987 | 11.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Spain | 33,320 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Poland | 33,240 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 25,215 | 2.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Austria | 25,110 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 24,900 | 39.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 24,342 | 70.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 23,967 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 23,729 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 22,207 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 21,400 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 20,574 | 72.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | France | 16,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 15,388 | 7.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 15,234 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Italy | 14,378 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia | 14,056 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Romania | 14,000 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 13,078 | 16.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 12,000 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 11,389 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 11,106 | 1.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,300 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 10,156 | 29.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 10,085 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Ireland | 9,252 | 4.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 8,000 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 7,810 | 27.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Malta | 6,938 | 52.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 6,383 | 47.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Spain | 5,867 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 5,329 | 0.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 5,033 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 4,167 | 1.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Latvia | 3,969 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Greece | 2,998 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 2,700 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Slovenia | 1,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 1,000 | 0.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Latvia | 907 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Latvia | 707 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
7 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.