Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,690 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (9%) and Saudi Arabia (5%), and 64% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands1.35 Mt (17%)Germany751 kt (10%)India689 kt (9%)Belgium672 kt (9%)Saudi Arabia413 kt (5%)Italy394 kt (5%)United States361 kt (5%)Spain303 kt (4%)Other origins (34)2.75 Mt (36%)Origin not reported15 kt (<1%)France1.29 Mt (17%)Netherlands956 kt (12%)Germany946 kt (12%)Poland657 kt (9%)Belgium588 kt (8%)Other EU (20)3.25 Mt (42%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- France
- Netherlands
- Germany
- Poland
- Belgium
- Other EU (20)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (34) | Other EU (20) | 1,544,923 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 478,400 | 81.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 473,391 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (20) | 427,893 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (34) | Netherlands | 405,124 | 42.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Other EU (20) | 331,731 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 309,000 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 288,000 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (34) | Poland | 266,602 | 40.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (34) | Germany | 249,778 | 26.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (34) | France | 247,000 | 19.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 223,037 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (20) | 219,835 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (20) | 171,001 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Other EU (20) | 170,884 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 170,043 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (20) | 152,540 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Netherlands | 148,142 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 135,572 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 132,000 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 124,901 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (20) | 122,769 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (20) | 103,544 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 101,363 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 98,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 90,576 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 76,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 66,900 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 66,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 62,000 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 43,841 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 41,881 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 40,108 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Poland | 33,240 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (34) | Belgium | 32,100 | 5.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 16,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 11,106 | 1.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,300 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (20) | 4,167 | 1.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.