Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,451 kt of road diesel, and 67% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
India365 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates337 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia255 kt (3%)United States228 kt (3%)Türkiye174 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU1.06 Mt (14%)Netherlands1.34 Mt (18%)Belgium737 kt (10%)Germany698 kt (9%)Italy453 kt (6%)Spain393 kt (5%)Sweden212 kt (3%)Finland209 kt (3%)Other EU member states929 kt (12%)Origin not reported65 kt (<1%)France1.34 Mt (18%)Germany1.09 Mt (15%)Poland681 kt (9%)Netherlands564 kt (8%)Belgium507 kt (7%)Spain382 kt (5%)Austria316 kt (4%)Italy311 kt (4%)Slovenia238 kt (3%)Sweden215 kt (3%)Ireland214 kt (3%)Romania213 kt (3%)Portugal200 kt (3%)Czechia192 kt (3%)Hungary186 kt (2%)Slovakia170 kt (2%)Croatia148 kt (2%)Lithuania106 kt (1%)Latvia91 kt (1%)Luxembourg87 kt (1%)Estonia61 kt (<1%)Greece53 kt (<1%)Bulgaria35 kt (<1%)Cyprus34 kt (<1%)Malta17 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- India365 kt (5%)
- United Arab Emirates337 kt (5%)
- Saudi Arabia255 kt (3%)
- United States228 kt (3%)
- Türkiye174 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU1.06 Mt (14%)
- Netherlands1.34 Mt (18%)
- Belgium737 kt (10%)
- Germany698 kt (9%)
- Italy453 kt (6%)
- Spain393 kt (5%)
- Sweden212 kt (3%)
- Finland209 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states929 kt (12%)
- Origin not reported65 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 579,856 | 53.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 451,700 | 89.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 326,000 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 230,859 | 73.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 210,613 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 176,722 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 174,000 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 174,000 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Poland | 151,516 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Germany | 150,542 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 146,348 | 25.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 139,790 | 24.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 136,000 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 133,000 | 71.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Poland | 129,013 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 127,000 | 66.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 118,000 | 49.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 117,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 109,868 | 35.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Portugal | 102,414 | 51.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Romania | 98,000 | 46.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 96,000 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 95,955 | 14.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 94,448 | 24.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 92,863 | 8.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovakia | 92,349 | 54.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 91,110 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 90,849 | 42.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Ireland | 85,930 | 40.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 84,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 83,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 82,029 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 80,695 | 37.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Poland | 79,623 | 11.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 75,807 | 51.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Croatia | 72,578 | 48.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 72,224 | 83.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 69,955 | 12.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 69,467 | 76.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Sweden | 69,374 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 67,074 | 33.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 66,492 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 65,000 | 33.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 64,329 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 63,000 | 26.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Romania | 63,000 | 29.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 62,276 | 36.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Italy | 60,418 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 57,000 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 53,893 | 17.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 52,000 | 21.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 50,901 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Spain | 50,570 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 47,108 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 43,000 | 8.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 41,960 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Germany | 41,647 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 38,940 | 18.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 36,907 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Greece | 35,055 | 66.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 33,895 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 33,171 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Lithuania | 33,000 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary | 33,000 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 32,909 | 4.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Finland | Estonia | 32,000 | 52.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 32,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 32,000 | 2.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Italy | Austria | 31,274 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Lithuania | 29,300 | 27.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 28,000 | 13.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 26,523 | 75.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Lithuania | 26,200 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 26,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 25,048 | 6.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 24,000 | 39.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Spain | 21,181 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 20,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 19,139 | 55.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Latvia | 19,136 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Romania | 19,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 17,753 | 33.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Malta | 16,894 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 16,494 | 8.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Slovakia | 15,694 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 15,652 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 15,178 | 44.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 14,789 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 14,161 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Lithuania | 13,800 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 11,673 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Ireland | 10,876 | 5.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 10,733 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 9,888 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 8,860 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 8,853 | 25.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Netherlands | 7,931 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Belgium | 7,200 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 5,353 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 5,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 5,000 | 2.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 4,710 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 4,000 | 6.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 3,600 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 3,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia | 2,358 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Romania | 2,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 1,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Italy | 364 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
5 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.