Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,451 kt of road diesel, and 67% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands1.34 Mt (18%)Belgium737 kt (10%)Germany698 kt (9%)Italy453 kt (6%)Spain393 kt (5%)India365 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates337 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia255 kt (3%)Other origins (35)2.81 Mt (38%)Origin not reported65 kt (<1%)France1.34 Mt (18%)Germany1.09 Mt (15%)Poland681 kt (9%)Netherlands564 kt (8%)Belgium507 kt (7%)Other EU (20)3.27 Mt (44%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- France
- Germany
- Poland
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Other EU (20)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (35) | Other EU (20) | 1,728,102 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 579,856 | 53.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 451,700 | 89.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (20) | 398,290 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Poland | 385,875 | 56.7% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Other EU (20) | 357,238 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | France | 326,000 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | France | 263,000 | 19.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Netherlands | 233,094 | 41.3% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 210,613 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Other EU (20) | 205,640 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 176,722 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 174,000 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (20) | 168,801 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Germany | 150,671 | 13.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Germany | 150,542 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 139,790 | 24.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 136,000 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (20) | 131,895 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 129,013 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (20) | 119,378 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 117,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 96,000 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (20) | 93,769 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 84,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 83,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 82,029 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Other EU (20) | 67,074 | 33.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 50,901 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Belgium | 50,400 | 9.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 32,909 | 4.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | France | 32,000 | 2.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | France | 26,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 14,789 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 5,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.