Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,836 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (8%) and the United Arab Emirates (6%), and 63% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
India663 kt (8%)United Arab Emirates431 kt (6%)United States331 kt (4%)Kuwait287 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia263 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU899 kt (11%)Netherlands1.37 Mt (17%)Germany737 kt (9%)Belgium688 kt (9%)Italy444 kt (6%)Spain351 kt (4%)Sweden200 kt (3%)Lithuania180 kt (2%)Other EU member states944 kt (12%)Origin not reported49 kt (<1%)Germany1.41 Mt (18%)France1.35 Mt (17%)Netherlands743 kt (9%)Belgium550 kt (7%)Poland492 kt (6%)Spain473 kt (6%)Austria316 kt (4%)Ireland313 kt (4%)Slovenia251 kt (3%)Romania250 kt (3%)Czechia216 kt (3%)Portugal199 kt (3%)Hungary189 kt (2%)Sweden186 kt (2%)Croatia165 kt (2%)Italy145 kt (2%)Slovakia140 kt (2%)Latvia105 kt (1%)Luxembourg84 kt (1%)Estonia70 kt (<1%)Cyprus62 kt (<1%)Greece55 kt (<1%)Bulgaria32 kt (<1%)Lithuania26 kt (<1%)Malta15 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- India663 kt (8%)
- United Arab Emirates431 kt (6%)
- United States331 kt (4%)
- Kuwait287 kt (4%)
- Saudi Arabia263 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU899 kt (11%)
- Netherlands1.37 Mt (17%)
- Germany737 kt (9%)
- Belgium688 kt (9%)
- Italy444 kt (6%)
- Spain351 kt (4%)
- Sweden200 kt (3%)
- Lithuania180 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states944 kt (12%)
- Origin not reported49 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 654,872 | 46.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 350,700 | 63.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 341,224 | 24.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 259,000 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 256,000 | 19.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Netherlands | 229,620 | 30.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 224,743 | 71.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Belgium | 180,800 | 32.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 180,682 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 170,000 | 89.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 162,000 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 154,682 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 154,297 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 145,980 | 19.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 143,000 | 66.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Poland | 138,868 | 28.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 138,000 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 127,365 | 77.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 127,347 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 127,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 119,690 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 104,463 | 21.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 103,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 101,268 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 101,034 | 21.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | France | 100,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 100,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Germany | 98,761 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 95,523 | 51.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 92,320 | 46.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Germany | 89,811 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 84,000 | 33.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 83,167 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 80,056 | 25.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Slovenia | 79,000 | 31.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Romania | 78,000 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovakia | 77,390 | 55.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 74,804 | 71.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 73,000 | 33.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 71,000 | 28.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 71,000 | 28.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 66,153 | 78.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 63,773 | 20.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Lithuania | Poland | 62,482 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 62,338 | 43.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 61,000 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 60,257 | 32.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 56,071 | 28.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Italy | 54,867 | 37.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 53,869 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 53,249 | 38.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 47,488 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 47,364 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 45,845 | 74.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Lithuania | Estonia | 43,000 | 61.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 42,547 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 37,265 | 22.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 35,000 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Ireland | 33,468 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 33,003 | 6.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Italy | Portugal | 32,981 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 32,598 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 30,471 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Slovenia | 30,000 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 30,000 | 54.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 29,752 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 27,885 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 27,032 | 18.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 27,000 | 10.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 25,800 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 25,358 | 45.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 25,081 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 24,947 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 23,999 | 22.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 23,381 | 73.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Romania | 19,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 18,110 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 16,000 | 1.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 15,879 | 2.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 15,716 | 25.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Ireland | 15,651 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Malta | 15,386 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 15,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 14,000 | 20.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 13,917 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France | 13,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 12,840 | 2.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 12,721 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 11,758 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Ireland | 10,302 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 10,000 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Estonia | 10,000 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 9,760 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia | 9,671 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 9,000 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 9,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 8,422 | 26.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Romania | 7,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Latvia | 5,349 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 5,169 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 3,769 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 3,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 3,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 2,000 | 2.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 1,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia | 850 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 320 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
7 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.