Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,807 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (8%), Saudi Arabia (8%) and the United States (7%), and 58% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
India642 kt (8%)Saudi Arabia611 kt (8%)United States543 kt (7%)Kuwait270 kt (3%)United Arab Emirates248 kt (3%)United Kingdom228 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU674 kt (9%)Netherlands1.30 Mt (17%)Germany643 kt (8%)Belgium638 kt (8%)Italy455 kt (6%)Spain326 kt (4%)Lithuania192 kt (2%)Other EU member states1.01 Mt (13%)Origin not reported27 kt (<1%)Germany1.68 Mt (22%)France1.11 Mt (14%)Netherlands831 kt (11%)Poland439 kt (6%)Spain421 kt (5%)Belgium407 kt (5%)Italy315 kt (4%)Romania293 kt (4%)Austria287 kt (4%)Ireland265 kt (3%)Croatia251 kt (3%)Sweden249 kt (3%)Czechia221 kt (3%)Slovenia194 kt (2%)Slovakia146 kt (2%)Hungary145 kt (2%)Greece98 kt (1%)Luxembourg92 kt (1%)Latvia87 kt (1%)Estonia82 kt (1%)Portugal77 kt (<1%)Bulgaria44 kt (<1%)Cyprus32 kt (<1%)Lithuania22 kt (<1%)Malta13 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- India642 kt (8%)
- Saudi Arabia611 kt (8%)
- United States543 kt (7%)
- Kuwait270 kt (3%)
- United Arab Emirates248 kt (3%)
- United Kingdom228 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU674 kt (9%)
- Netherlands1.30 Mt (17%)
- Germany643 kt (8%)
- Belgium638 kt (8%)
- Italy455 kt (6%)
- Spain326 kt (4%)
- Lithuania192 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states1.01 Mt (13%)
- Origin not reported27 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 719,872 | 42.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 353,400 | 86.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 334,000 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 301,361 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 293,659 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 247,977 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Germany | 225,276 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 217,000 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 214,500 | 74.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 194,489 | 77.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 162,739 | 51.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 159,338 | 37.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 155,096 | 35.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 155,072 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 155,000 | 70.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 154,457 | 36.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 135,971 | 16.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 135,000 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 131,761 | 52.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 125,310 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 109,000 | 75.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | France | 105,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 100,115 | 37.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 93,855 | 21.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 89,000 | 45.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 87,860 | 60.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 82,611 | 26.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 81,586 | 30.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 81,000 | 27.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 76,896 | 99.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Germany | 72,152 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland | 70,929 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 70,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 70,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 67,988 | 4.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 67,922 | 74.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Romania | 67,000 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 64,000 | 29.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 63,159 | 25.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Italy | 62,921 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 62,429 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 62,010 | 71.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 61,226 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Romania | 61,000 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Estonia | 59,000 | 72.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 57,707 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 56,639 | 22.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 55,650 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 54,000 | 27.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Slovenia | 51,000 | 26.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 49,918 | 34.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 49,257 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 47,027 | 16.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | France | 41,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 41,000 | 3.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 36,856 | 37.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 33,566 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 33,037 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 33,000 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 31,807 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 31,291 | 31.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 31,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 30,489 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 30,254 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 30,100 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece | 29,797 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 29,427 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 28,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 27,000 | 2.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 26,000 | 8.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Austria | 25,556 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Romania | 25,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 24,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 23,924 | 54.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 23,510 | 27.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 21,900 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 20,323 | 64.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 20,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 19,800 | 45.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 18,000 | 22.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Sweden | 16,963 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 15,764 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 15,460 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Netherlands | 14,956 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 11,295 | 35.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Malta | 10,541 | 80.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 10,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia | 8,082 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 8,078 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden | 7,770 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 7,000 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 6,352 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 5,000 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | France | 4,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 3,596 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 3,400 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Malta | 2,604 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia | 2,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 2,000 | 2.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Estonia | 1,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 1,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Estonia | 1,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 985 | 1.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 361 | 0.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Latvia | 304 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
7 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.