Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,807 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were India (8%), Saudi Arabia (8%) and the United States (7%), and 58% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands1.30 Mt (17%)Germany643 kt (8%)India642 kt (8%)Belgium638 kt (8%)Saudi Arabia611 kt (8%)United States543 kt (7%)Italy455 kt (6%)Spain326 kt (4%)Other origins (30)2.62 Mt (34%)Origin not reported27 kt (<1%)Germany1.68 Mt (22%)France1.11 Mt (14%)Netherlands831 kt (11%)Poland439 kt (6%)Spain421 kt (5%)Other EU (20)3.32 Mt (43%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Spain
- Other EU (20)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (30) | Other EU (20) | 1,635,550 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 719,872 | 42.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (20) | 457,804 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Other EU (20) | 392,707 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 334,000 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 301,361 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 293,659 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Other EU (20) | 281,586 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (20) | 276,595 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Netherlands | 247,977 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Poland | 226,025 | 51.5% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Germany | 225,276 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 217,000 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | France | 214,000 | 19.2% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Spain | 205,052 | 48.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Netherlands | 193,678 | 23.3% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 155,072 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 154,457 | 36.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Germany | 143,736 | 8.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 125,310 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 105,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 93,855 | 21.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (20) | 78,919 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Other EU (20) | 76,896 | 99.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 70,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 70,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Other EU (20) | 67,000 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 62,429 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 61,226 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 55,650 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (20) | 51,833 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | France | 41,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 33,037 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 31,807 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 31,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 30,489 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 27,000 | 2.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Italy | Netherlands | 14,956 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 4,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.