Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 8,804 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (9%), the United States (9%) and India (6%), and 60% came from other EU member states.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Saudi Arabia824 kt (9%)United States756 kt (9%)India486 kt (6%)United Arab Emirates422 kt (5%)Kuwait188 kt (2%)United Kingdom187 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU622 kt (7%)Netherlands1.83 Mt (21%)Belgium811 kt (9%)Germany652 kt (7%)Spain337 kt (4%)Italy311 kt (4%)Finland212 kt (2%)Other EU member states1.17 Mt (13%)France1.55 Mt (18%)Germany1.30 Mt (15%)Netherlands941 kt (11%)Spain615 kt (7%)Poland525 kt (6%)Italy498 kt (6%)Belgium431 kt (5%)Austria331 kt (4%)Ireland304 kt (3%)Sweden269 kt (3%)Hungary259 kt (3%)Slovenia243 kt (3%)Czechia237 kt (3%)Romania218 kt (2%)Croatia195 kt (2%)Slovakia187 kt (2%)Greece137 kt (2%)Estonia109 kt (1%)Portugal107 kt (1%)Latvia100 kt (1%)Luxembourg89 kt (1%)Lithuania57 kt (<1%)Cyprus39 kt (<1%)Bulgaria37 kt (<1%)Malta18 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Saudi Arabia824 kt (9%)
- United States756 kt (9%)
- India486 kt (6%)
- United Arab Emirates422 kt (5%)
- Kuwait188 kt (2%)
- United Kingdom187 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU622 kt (7%)
- Netherlands1.83 Mt (21%)
- Belgium811 kt (9%)
- Germany652 kt (7%)
- Spain337 kt (4%)
- Italy311 kt (4%)
- Finland212 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states1.17 Mt (13%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 728,543 | 55.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 354,000 | 82.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 312,000 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 293,361 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 276,458 | 21.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 265,000 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 249,307 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 233,504 | 24.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 232,450 | 70.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 217,591 | 41.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 204,000 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 201,000 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 198,339 | 21.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 190,000 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 169,000 | 65.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Czechia | 163,000 | 68.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 161,000 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 150,557 | 49.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 138,174 | 70.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 137,000 | 62.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 136,257 | 26.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Italy | 132,783 | 26.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 132,135 | 21.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Sweden | 123,419 | 45.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 121,656 | 23.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 121,185 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 116,050 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 114,000 | 46.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 107,069 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 106,526 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 105,000 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 97,931 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 93,000 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 91,748 | 14.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 91,216 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 89,228 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 88,719 | 47.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 85,086 | 45.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 74,218 | 83.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 74,000 | 31.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Italy | 69,853 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 67,228 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 66,231 | 66.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 60,000 | 3.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 59,871 | 22.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 55,820 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Belgium | 54,500 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 54,062 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Estonia | 52,000 | 47.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 50,804 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 49,378 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 49,325 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 46,600 | 82.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 45,243 | 16.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 44,945 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 44,828 | 32.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 44,679 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 43,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 42,373 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 40,636 | 15.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Greece | 36,309 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Netherlands | 35,123 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 33,000 | 13.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Ireland | 32,935 | 10.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 32,818 | 24.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 30,000 | 27.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 29,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 27,151 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 27,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 27,000 | 24.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 26,862 | 72.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 26,379 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Romania | 26,000 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 23,059 | 59.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Latvia | 22,234 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Hungary | 22,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 22,000 | 10.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Hungary | 19,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 17,284 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 15,938 | 40.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Ireland | 15,363 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Malta | 15,308 | 83.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 14,883 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 13,849 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 13,365 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Greece | 13,188 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Croatia | 13,041 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia | 12,933 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Romania | 11,000 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 11,000 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Arab Emirates | Spain | 10,930 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 10,404 | 27.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 10,100 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 10,000 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 9,939 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 9,513 | 7.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Romania | 8,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Latvia | 7,002 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary | 6,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Italy | 5,749 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 4,764 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 4,500 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Belgium | 3,800 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 3,134 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 3,000 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 2,868 | 2.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,500 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Romania | 2,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 1,775 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 1,329 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Latvia | 1,243 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 1,200 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Romania | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia | 135 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
10 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.