Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,111 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (13%), and 67% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United States951 kt (13%)India282 kt (4%)United Kingdom268 kt (4%)Kuwait252 kt (4%)Saudi Arabia158 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU438 kt (6%)Netherlands1.33 Mt (19%)Belgium705 kt (10%)Germany665 kt (9%)Italy480 kt (7%)Spain319 kt (4%)Finland284 kt (4%)Denmark136 kt (2%)Other EU member states824 kt (12%)Origin not reported16 kt (<1%)Germany1.18 Mt (17%)France1.01 Mt (14%)Netherlands667 kt (9%)Belgium558 kt (8%)Poland479 kt (7%)Spain398 kt (6%)Italy306 kt (4%)Austria283 kt (4%)Romania252 kt (4%)Czechia235 kt (3%)Sweden224 kt (3%)Slovenia212 kt (3%)Ireland196 kt (3%)Hungary184 kt (3%)Croatia168 kt (2%)Latvia164 kt (2%)Slovakia143 kt (2%)Portugal89 kt (1%)Estonia85 kt (1%)Luxembourg78 kt (1%)Greece77 kt (1%)Bulgaria53 kt (<1%)Cyprus36 kt (<1%)Lithuania21 kt (<1%)Malta18 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United States951 kt (13%)
- India282 kt (4%)
- United Kingdom268 kt (4%)
- Kuwait252 kt (4%)
- Saudi Arabia158 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU438 kt (6%)
- Netherlands1.33 Mt (19%)
- Belgium705 kt (10%)
- Germany665 kt (9%)
- Italy480 kt (7%)
- Spain319 kt (4%)
- Finland284 kt (4%)
- Denmark136 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states824 kt (12%)
- Origin not reported16 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 563,257 | 47.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 340,986 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 340,900 | 61.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 276,000 | 27.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 217,312 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 209,000 | 98.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 206,099 | 72.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 202,143 | 30.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 184,918 | 38.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 175,000 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 171,000 | 72.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 148,000 | 80.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 142,116 | 35.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 140,101 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 131,400 | 23.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 130,000 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 124,000 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 119,000 | 47.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 116,962 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 115,180 | 24.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 110,711 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 103,933 | 26.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 96,418 | 24.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 95,390 | 31.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Poland | 92,758 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia | 89,336 | 54.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 86,611 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 81,476 | 48.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Sweden | 80,264 | 35.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 71,661 | 49.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 70,898 | 31.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 70,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 69,409 | 88.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Italy | 68,316 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 65,860 | 45.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 65,603 | 21.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 64,000 | 27.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 58,766 | 66.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Croatia | 56,833 | 33.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France | 54,000 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 53,259 | 11.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 52,103 | 67.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 49,476 | 7.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 48,419 | 29.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Germany | 45,103 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 43,100 | 7.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Estonia | 43,000 | 50.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 43,000 | 17.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 43,000 | 4.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 42,304 | 13.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 42,000 | 49.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 41,802 | 14.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 40,368 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 40,238 | 10.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 39,702 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 38,206 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 38,000 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Romania | 37,000 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 36,000 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 35,458 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 33,329 | 14.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Poland | 33,108 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 33,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 32,335 | 61.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 29,609 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 29,385 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary | 27,000 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 26,077 | 72.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Greece | 24,997 | 32.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Romania | 24,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 23,269 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 21,500 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 20,600 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Italy | 19,951 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 19,931 | 37.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Latvia | 19,865 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Romania | 19,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Portugal | 16,542 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 16,000 | 1.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Finland | Lithuania | 15,300 | 72.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 15,063 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Italy | 14,099 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 13,911 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 13,531 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 13,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 11,300 | 1.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Malta | 10,651 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 9,967 | 27.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 8,818 | 0.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Romania | 8,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 7,709 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 7,024 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary | 7,000 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia | 5,972 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 5,500 | 26.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Latvia | 4,293 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 3,000 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 2,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 2,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 1,694 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Latvia | 891 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 880 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Bulgaria | 598 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Lithuania | 300 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Bulgaria | 69 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
9 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.