Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,111 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (13%), and 67% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Poland
- Other EU (20)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (30) | Other EU (20) | 1,500,704 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 563,257 | 47.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Other EU (20) | 446,959 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Other EU (20) | 392,986 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 340,986 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 340,900 | 61.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 276,000 | 27.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Other EU (20) | 227,900 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | France | 218,000 | 21.6% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 217,312 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 202,143 | 30.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (20) | 189,616 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Netherlands | 185,398 | 27.8% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Poland | 184,918 | 38.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 175,000 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (20) | 155,550 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Other EU (20) | 143,259 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Other EU (20) | 141,831 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Netherlands | 140,101 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 131,400 | 23.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 130,000 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 124,000 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 115,180 | 24.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 92,758 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 86,611 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Belgium | 63,900 | 11.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Germany | 53,935 | 4.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Poland | 53,259 | 11.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 36,000 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 33,108 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 33,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 29,609 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (20) | 23,293 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Finland | Netherlands | 23,269 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 21,500 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 16,000 | 1.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.