Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 6,240 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (8%) and the United States (5%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 2% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Saudi Arabia496 kt (8%)United States333 kt (5%)Singapore164 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU641 kt (10%)Netherlands1.06 Mt (17%)Germany876 kt (14%)Belgium755 kt (12%)Italy291 kt (5%)Greece248 kt (4%)Spain232 kt (4%)Lithuania196 kt (3%)Finland159 kt (3%)Denmark157 kt (3%)Other EU member states499 kt (8%)Origin not reported130 kt (2%)France1.06 Mt (17%)Germany874 kt (14%)Netherlands721 kt (12%)Poland555 kt (9%)Belgium489 kt (8%)Italy381 kt (6%)Slovenia269 kt (4%)Austria264 kt (4%)Czechia252 kt (4%)Sweden219 kt (4%)Spain211 kt (3%)Ireland168 kt (3%)Slovakia142 kt (2%)Romania127 kt (2%)Croatia88 kt (1%)Luxembourg80 kt (1%)Portugal71 kt (1%)Latvia61 kt (<1%)Greece57 kt (<1%)Estonia56 kt (<1%)Bulgaria47 kt (<1%)Cyprus26 kt (<1%)Lithuania13 kt (<1%)Malta9.9 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Saudi Arabia496 kt (8%)
- United States333 kt (5%)
- Singapore164 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU641 kt (10%)
- Netherlands1.06 Mt (17%)
- Germany876 kt (14%)
- Belgium755 kt (12%)
- Italy291 kt (5%)
- Greece248 kt (4%)
- Spain232 kt (4%)
- Lithuania196 kt (3%)
- Finland159 kt (3%)
- Denmark157 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states499 kt (8%)
- Origin not reported130 kt (2%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Belgium | 423,300 | 86.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 422,150 | 48.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 344,000 | 32.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 312,479 | 43.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 240,423 | 33.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 205,984 | 78.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 182,000 | 72.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 172,789 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 162,499 | 29.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 161,000 | 59.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 159,000 | 41.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 151,787 | 39.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 139,000 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 131,000 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 130,000 | 12.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Lithuania | Poland | 113,963 | 20.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 109,663 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Spain | 105,284 | 49.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Slovenia | 103,000 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 93,128 | 10.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 87,006 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 86,000 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 78,563 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Ireland | 76,267 | 45.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 75,901 | 8.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 74,374 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 74,322 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovakia | 70,969 | 49.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 70,000 | 27.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 68,144 | 84.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 65,560 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Italy | 64,587 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 64,366 | 29.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 63,497 | 44.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 61,353 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 60,337 | 27.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 60,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 58,100 | 65.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 56,805 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 55,132 | 77.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 50,170 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Romania | 50,000 | 39.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 49,000 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 42,000 | 33.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 41,529 | 67.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Estonia | 41,000 | 73.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 36,377 | 13.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Singapore | France | 36,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 35,000 | 27.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Poland | 32,573 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 32,424 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 30,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | France | 28,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 27,649 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 27,308 | 4.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 27,000 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 25,923 | 54.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 24,801 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Spain | 23,657 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium | 22,700 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 21,173 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 20,786 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 20,100 | 4.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 19,883 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 19,000 | 21.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 16,616 | 9.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 16,463 | 34.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Ireland | 14,702 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 14,649 | 57.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 14,500 | 3.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Portugal | 13,562 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 11,000 | 19.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 10,966 | 42.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Croatia | 10,700 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Latvia | 9,898 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 8,800 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 8,000 | 64.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovakia | 7,661 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 7,394 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 5,799 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 5,768 | 58.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Latvia | 5,365 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 5,045 | 1.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 5,000 | 1.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Bulgaria | 4,855 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 4,741 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 4,200 | 33.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Malta | 4,175 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 4,000 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 1,976 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Latvia | 1,778 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 1,525 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 1,185 | 1.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 600 | 0.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Italy | 444 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Lithuania | 300 | 2.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 87 | 0.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Bulgaria | 69 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
5 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-02 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Denmark, Finland, Hungary. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.