Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,664 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (11%), and 67% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Saudi Arabia834 kt (11%)Türkiye354 kt (5%)India214 kt (3%)United States213 kt (3%)Singapore212 kt (3%)United Arab Emirates200 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU505 kt (7%)Netherlands1.42 Mt (18%)Germany957 kt (12%)Belgium745 kt (10%)Italy494 kt (6%)Finland268 kt (3%)Spain184 kt (2%)Other EU member states1.07 Mt (14%)Origin not reported2.1 kt (<1%)France1.21 Mt (16%)Germany924 kt (12%)Netherlands607 kt (8%)Belgium602 kt (8%)Poland602 kt (8%)Spain558 kt (7%)Italy503 kt (7%)Austria285 kt (4%)Slovenia279 kt (4%)Czechia267 kt (3%)Sweden264 kt (3%)Hungary260 kt (3%)Ireland189 kt (2%)Slovakia189 kt (2%)Romania178 kt (2%)Croatia165 kt (2%)Bulgaria116 kt (2%)Portugal91 kt (1%)Luxembourg85 kt (1%)Latvia81 kt (1%)Greece66 kt (<1%)Estonia64 kt (<1%)Cyprus34 kt (<1%)Lithuania19 kt (<1%)Malta18 kt (<1%)Denmark3.0 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Saudi Arabia834 kt (11%)
- Türkiye354 kt (5%)
- India214 kt (3%)
- United States213 kt (3%)
- Singapore212 kt (3%)
- United Arab Emirates200 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU505 kt (7%)
- Netherlands1.42 Mt (18%)
- Germany957 kt (12%)
- Belgium745 kt (10%)
- Italy494 kt (6%)
- Finland268 kt (3%)
- Spain184 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states1.07 Mt (14%)
- Origin not reported2.1 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | France | 675,000 | 55.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 535,284 | 57.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 477,200 | 79.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 290,781 | 47.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 222,543 | 24.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 214,714 | 35.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 212,276 | 74.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 206,296 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 196,000 | 73.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 187,000 | 67.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 167,500 | 64.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 162,696 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Italy | 162,176 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 144,356 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Spain | 140,506 | 25.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 136,079 | 51.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 132,000 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Romania | 113,000 | 63.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 111,363 | 18.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 110,990 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovakia | 107,568 | 57.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 103,094 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 99,385 | 52.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 98,436 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 93,549 | 16.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 91,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Bulgaria | 89,947 | 77.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 89,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 86,000 | 52.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 78,900 | 47.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Poland | 74,779 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 72,866 | 14.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 71,000 | 26.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 70,861 | 83.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 70,485 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 70,188 | 7.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 69,484 | 76.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 69,206 | 36.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | France | 69,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 67,322 | 82.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 64,831 | 12.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Ireland | 62,301 | 32.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 61,228 | 23.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Singapore | Belgium | 60,800 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 59,000 | 21.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Germany | 57,385 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 55,762 | 84.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Hungary | 52,900 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Belgium | 50,800 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 48,841 | 17.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 48,295 | 18.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 44,000 | 24.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 43,500 | 68.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Germany | 38,792 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France | 38,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 34,730 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Hungary | 34,300 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 33,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Slovenia | 33,000 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 32,963 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 32,000 | 2.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Spain | 28,670 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 27,787 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 25,172 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 25,000 | 2.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Austria | 24,237 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Spain | 21,828 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 21,438 | 23.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 19,529 | 57.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 19,291 | 16.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 18,405 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 18,000 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 18,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 15,400 | 81.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 15,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 14,513 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 14,451 | 42.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Slovakia | 11,756 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France | 11,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 10,541 | 58.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Latvia | 10,443 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Greece | 10,121 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 7,630 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Romania | 6,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 5,000 | 1.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 4,564 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Belgium | 3,400 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 3,100 | 16.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 3,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Bulgaria | 2,800 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Latvia | 2,171 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 2,148 | 1.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 2,041 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 1,500 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia | 1,366 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Estonia | 1,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Lithuania | 300 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
12 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.