Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,895 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (14%) and Kuwait (5%), and 63% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Netherlands1.32 Mt (17%)Saudi Arabia1.08 Mt (14%)Belgium1.03 Mt (13%)Germany716 kt (9%)Italy418 kt (5%)Other origins (40)3.26 Mt (41%)Origin not reported65 kt (<1%)Germany1.35 Mt (17%)France1.18 Mt (15%)Netherlands747 kt (9%)Spain642 kt (8%)Belgium549 kt (7%)Poland547 kt (7%)Italy535 kt (7%)Austria278 kt (4%)Other EU (18)2.06 Mt (26%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (40) | Other EU (18) | 1,285,128 | — | Summed by usSum of 17 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 580,081 | 43.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 538,942 | 72.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 452,000 | 38.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (40) | France | 450,000 | 38.0% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (40) | Spain | 419,080 | 65.2% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 354,100 | 64.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 313,669 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (40) | Germany | 287,743 | 21.4% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (40) | Italy | 262,661 | 49.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 256,824 | 48.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Other EU (18) | 256,600 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (40) | Poland | 240,202 | 43.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Other EU (18) | 221,743 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Austria | 201,412 | 72.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 194,043 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (18) | 170,788 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 165,112 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (40) | Netherlands | 144,447 | 19.3% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (40) | Belgium | 130,900 | 23.8% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 112,741 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 104,319 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 94,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 92,404 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (18) | 81,712 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | France | 65,000 | 5.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 63,717 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 62,000 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 56,500 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (18) | 49,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (40) | Austria | 41,555 | 14.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Austria | 35,356 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 34,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 27,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 26,570 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 15,125 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 7,900 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-24 07:38 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-04, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-04 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.