Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,895 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (14%) and Kuwait (5%), and 63% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Saudi Arabia1.08 Mt (14%)Kuwait403 kt (5%)Türkiye241 kt (3%)United States238 kt (3%)United Kingdom197 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU656 kt (8%)Netherlands1.32 Mt (17%)Belgium1.03 Mt (13%)Germany716 kt (9%)Italy418 kt (5%)Sweden198 kt (3%)Finland194 kt (2%)Spain194 kt (2%)Other EU member states941 kt (12%)Origin not reported65 kt (<1%)Germany1.35 Mt (17%)France1.18 Mt (15%)Netherlands747 kt (9%)Spain642 kt (8%)Belgium549 kt (7%)Poland547 kt (7%)Italy535 kt (7%)Austria278 kt (4%)Czechia257 kt (3%)Sweden244 kt (3%)Hungary222 kt (3%)Slovenia213 kt (3%)Ireland202 kt (3%)Romania162 kt (2%)Slovakia152 kt (2%)Croatia144 kt (2%)Latvia82 kt (1%)Bulgaria81 kt (1%)Estonia81 kt (1%)Luxembourg77 kt (<1%)Portugal43 kt (<1%)Cyprus32 kt (<1%)Greece25 kt (<1%)Lithuania20 kt (<1%)Malta16 kt (<1%)Denmark12 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Saudi Arabia1.08 Mt (14%)
- Kuwait403 kt (5%)
- Türkiye241 kt (3%)
- United States238 kt (3%)
- United Kingdom197 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU656 kt (8%)
- Netherlands1.32 Mt (17%)
- Belgium1.03 Mt (13%)
- Germany716 kt (9%)
- Italy418 kt (5%)
- Sweden198 kt (3%)
- Finland194 kt (2%)
- Spain194 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states941 kt (12%)
- Origin not reported65 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 580,081 | 43.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 538,942 | 72.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 452,000 | 38.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 354,100 | 64.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 313,669 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 256,824 | 48.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 236,391 | 36.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 201,412 | 72.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 194,043 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 183,000 | 71.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 168,000 | 78.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 165,112 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 161,900 | 72.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | France | 120,000 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 112,741 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 112,000 | 9.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 107,166 | 53.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 104,319 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Romania | 101,000 | 62.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 101,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 99,829 | 7.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Italy | 98,987 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 94,963 | 39.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 94,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 92,404 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 89,900 | 62.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Poland | 87,352 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Spain | 78,771 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 77,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 76,000 | 93.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Poland | 75,287 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 75,254 | 14.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 74,597 | 49.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 74,300 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 74,000 | 28.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 73,875 | 30.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 71,734 | 87.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 66,017 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 65,931 | 43.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 65,893 | 10.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 65,317 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 65,000 | 5.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 64,877 | 84.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 63,717 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 63,121 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 62,000 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 57,750 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 56,500 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 54,500 | 37.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Italy | 53,509 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 52,200 | 9.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 50,663 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Bulgaria | 50,399 | 61.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 46,944 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 44,387 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 43,000 | 20.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 41,555 | 14.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 40,000 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 39,545 | 93.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 38,025 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 36,534 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Austria | 35,356 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 35,261 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 34,858 | 6.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Hungary | 34,100 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 34,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 30,619 | 5.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 27,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 27,000 | 16.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 26,570 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Hungary | 26,000 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 24,283 | 10.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 23,704 | 29.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 20,000 | 12.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 18,165 | 56.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 16,766 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 15,125 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece | 14,817 | 59.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Ireland | 14,605 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 14,145 | 43.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kuwait | Germany | 13,982 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 12,189 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 12,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Slovakia | 11,716 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Greece | 10,152 | 40.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Lithuania | 10,000 | 51.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Malta | 9,277 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 8,892 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Romania | 8,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 7,900 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia | 7,582 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 7,314 | 9.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Malta | 6,715 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 6,300 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 6,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 5,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Belgium | 4,300 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 4,013 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 3,200 | 16.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 2,959 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 2,482 | 3.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 2,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Latvia | 233 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
8 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-04, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-04 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.