Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,555 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (15%), and 68% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Saudi Arabia1.10 Mt (15%)United States227 kt (3%)Türkiye223 kt (3%)United Kingdom216 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU630 kt (8%)Netherlands1.34 Mt (18%)Germany879 kt (12%)Belgium840 kt (11%)Italy573 kt (8%)Sweden220 kt (3%)Finland172 kt (2%)Slovakia163 kt (2%)Austria127 kt (2%)Other EU member states809 kt (11%)Origin not reported33 kt (<1%)France1.20 Mt (16%)Germany1.04 Mt (14%)Netherlands633 kt (8%)Poland596 kt (8%)Belgium596 kt (8%)Spain424 kt (6%)Italy405 kt (5%)Austria286 kt (4%)Czechia272 kt (4%)Sweden271 kt (4%)Ireland234 kt (3%)Slovenia234 kt (3%)Hungary221 kt (3%)Croatia215 kt (3%)Slovakia210 kt (3%)Romania196 kt (3%)Bulgaria91 kt (1%)Latvia83 kt (1%)Portugal82 kt (1%)Luxembourg82 kt (1%)Estonia62 kt (<1%)Greece59 kt (<1%)Cyprus26 kt (<1%)Lithuania23 kt (<1%)Malta16 kt (<1%)Denmark6.0 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Saudi Arabia1.10 Mt (15%)
- United States227 kt (3%)
- Türkiye223 kt (3%)
- United Kingdom216 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU630 kt (8%)
- Netherlands1.34 Mt (18%)
- Germany879 kt (12%)
- Belgium840 kt (11%)
- Italy573 kt (8%)
- Sweden220 kt (3%)
- Finland172 kt (2%)
- Slovakia163 kt (2%)
- Austria127 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states809 kt (11%)
- Origin not reported33 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | France | 656,000 | 54.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 460,871 | 44.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 395,700 | 66.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 333,516 | 52.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 286,046 | 27.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 207,585 | 34.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 204,492 | 71.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 202,000 | 74.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 195,000 | 83.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 184,720 | 29.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 182,329 | 43.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 172,832 | 42.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 166,000 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Poland | 155,623 | 26.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 153,465 | 37.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 127,600 | 59.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 125,321 | 59.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 117,000 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 115,011 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Romania | 114,000 | 58.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 111,600 | 18.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Hungary | 107,700 | 48.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden | 105,739 | 39.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 95,663 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 91,603 | 33.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 88,318 | 14.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 85,936 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 84,000 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 80,100 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 79,454 | 18.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 78,172 | 33.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 75,581 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 70,914 | 86.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 69,100 | 32.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 67,000 | 5.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 66,386 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 66,082 | 79.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 65,649 | 16.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 64,855 | 27.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 64,072 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Bulgaria | 56,654 | 62.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 56,575 | 69.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 56,268 | 26.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 56,000 | 90.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Austria | Hungary | 52,400 | 23.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 51,581 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany | 49,300 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Greece | 48,140 | 81.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 45,670 | 4.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Germany | 44,324 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia | 44,000 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 42,000 | 21.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 39,100 | 17.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 38,000 | 16.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 37,042 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Austria | 36,675 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Poland | 33,484 | 5.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 33,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Finland | Poland | 32,852 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 30,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 28,000 | 2.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Austria | Czechia | 26,000 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 25,179 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 21,962 | 8.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Hungary | 21,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 21,000 | 10.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 19,952 | 22.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 19,312 | 1.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Lithuania | 19,300 | 85.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 18,000 | 8.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Austria | Slovakia | 16,639 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 16,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Ireland | 15,704 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Romania | 15,000 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 14,294 | 54.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Austria | Germany | 14,269 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 13,638 | 15.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 12,638 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 12,130 | 45.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 11,831 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Slovakia | 11,629 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia | 10,440 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 9,386 | 58.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 9,096 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 8,200 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 7,902 | 13.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Slovakia | Austria | 7,706 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 7,108 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 6,794 | 42.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 6,564 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 6,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 5,456 | 6.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 4,741 | 0.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Italy | 4,323 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 4,256 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 4,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 4,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece | 3,298 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 3,200 | 14.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Austria | Poland | 2,979 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Estonia | 2,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland | 1,770 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia | 1,200 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Germany | 1,129 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovenia | 1,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Italy | 930 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 463 | 0.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
9 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.