Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,169 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (11%) and the United States (7%), and 66% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Saudi Arabia801 kt (11%)United States519 kt (7%)India241 kt (3%)Kuwait239 kt (3%)United Kingdom184 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU456 kt (6%)Netherlands1.24 Mt (17%)Germany874 kt (12%)Belgium697 kt (10%)Italy291 kt (4%)Finland254 kt (4%)Spain182 kt (3%)Slovakia172 kt (2%)Other EU member states983 kt (14%)Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)Germany1.04 Mt (15%)France957 kt (13%)Netherlands604 kt (8%)Poland594 kt (8%)Belgium463 kt (6%)Italy400 kt (6%)Spain345 kt (5%)Czechia341 kt (5%)Hungary319 kt (4%)Austria294 kt (4%)Sweden293 kt (4%)Romania216 kt (3%)Slovenia195 kt (3%)Ireland170 kt (2%)Croatia169 kt (2%)Slovakia146 kt (2%)Latvia116 kt (2%)Luxembourg83 kt (1%)Portugal76 kt (1%)Greece75 kt (1%)Estonia75 kt (1%)Lithuania67 kt (<1%)Cyprus51 kt (<1%)Bulgaria51 kt (<1%)Malta18 kt (<1%)Denmark7.0 kt (<1%)
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Country it was last shipped from
- Saudi Arabia801 kt (11%)
- United States519 kt (7%)
- India241 kt (3%)
- Kuwait239 kt (3%)
- United Kingdom184 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU456 kt (6%)
- Netherlands1.24 Mt (17%)
- Germany874 kt (12%)
- Belgium697 kt (10%)
- Italy291 kt (4%)
- Finland254 kt (4%)
- Spain182 kt (3%)
- Slovakia172 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states983 kt (14%)
- Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 526,623 | 50.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 332,800 | 71.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 321,271 | 53.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 295,000 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 253,646 | 63.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 252,000 | 73.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 220,774 | 75.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 217,000 | 22.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 215,969 | 36.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 189,920 | 18.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary | 129,200 | 40.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 119,198 | 34.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 110,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Germany | 109,845 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 106,000 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 98,440 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 95,157 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 92,700 | 29.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Poland | 92,019 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 90,844 | 15.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Sweden | 90,156 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 88,778 | 30.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 87,124 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Croatia | 84,300 | 49.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 84,261 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 81,218 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Netherlands | 74,778 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 74,701 | 64.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 74,498 | 25.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 73,700 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 72,977 | 7.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 71,815 | 20.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 71,327 | 86.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 69,575 | 20.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 67,157 | 45.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 67,100 | 39.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | France | 66,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia | 66,000 | 33.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 65,381 | 44.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Italy | 64,923 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 64,600 | 86.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Germany | 59,958 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 58,180 | 76.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 58,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 57,000 | 29.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Ireland | 56,376 | 33.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 56,000 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 55,234 | 32.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Romania | 54,000 | 25.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium | 53,700 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 53,000 | 24.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 51,000 | 15.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 50,965 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 50,962 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 50,000 | 23.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 47,000 | 21.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 43,461 | 25.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Lithuania | 41,300 | 61.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 41,000 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria | 40,706 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 40,701 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 39,265 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 39,079 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia | 38,000 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 35,374 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 33,337 | 44.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 33,000 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 32,981 | 3.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 32,707 | 64.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 31,700 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 30,199 | 10.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 30,000 | 3.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Finland | Latvia | 29,126 | 25.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 24,600 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Greece | 24,017 | 31.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 20,000 | 6.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 18,000 | 10.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Greece | 17,997 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 17,965 | 35.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Portugal | 17,906 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Lithuania | 16,700 | 24.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 16,000 | 8.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 15,067 | 8.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Slovakia | 13,928 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Romania | 12,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,700 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Malta | 10,453 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 10,400 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Belgium | 9,400 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia | 8,994 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 7,595 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 7,565 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 7,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 6,200 | 9.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 3,969 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia | 3,321 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Lithuania | 3,200 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 3,096 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary | 2,900 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Austria | 2,427 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Poland | 2,064 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 1,739 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | France | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
9 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.