Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,169 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (11%) and the United States (7%), and 66% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Belgium
- Other EU (21)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (34) | Other EU (21) | 1,552,361 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 526,623 | 50.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (21) | 494,317 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (21) | 430,346 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 332,800 | 71.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 321,271 | 53.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 295,000 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Other EU (21) | 290,167 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 217,000 | 22.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 215,969 | 36.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (34) | Germany | 215,903 | 20.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (21) | 210,193 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (34) | Netherlands | 195,261 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 189,920 | 18.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (21) | 180,286 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Finland | Other EU (21) | 146,382 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (21) | 128,090 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 110,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 106,000 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 98,440 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 95,157 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (34) | Poland | 92,908 | 15.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Poland | 92,019 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 87,124 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (34) | Belgium | 85,500 | 18.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Other EU (21) | 75,318 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (34) | France | 74,000 | 7.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | France | 66,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Germany | 59,958 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 58,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 50,965 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 30,000 | 3.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 24,600 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,700 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Belgium | 9,400 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | France | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.