Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,508 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (8%) and India (8%), and 64% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Saudi Arabia635 kt (8%)India577 kt (8%)United States370 kt (5%)Singapore241 kt (3%)United Kingdom228 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU649 kt (9%)Netherlands1.27 Mt (17%)Belgium849 kt (11%)Germany780 kt (10%)Italy291 kt (4%)Spain230 kt (3%)Finland214 kt (3%)Denmark190 kt (3%)Other EU member states952 kt (13%)Origin not reported34 kt (<1%)Germany1.09 Mt (15%)France1.06 Mt (14%)Poland656 kt (9%)Netherlands531 kt (7%)Belgium465 kt (6%)Spain449 kt (6%)Italy399 kt (5%)Hungary319 kt (4%)Romania313 kt (4%)Austria268 kt (4%)Czechia249 kt (3%)Sweden249 kt (3%)Portugal247 kt (3%)Slovenia223 kt (3%)Croatia194 kt (3%)Ireland194 kt (3%)Slovakia154 kt (2%)Latvia106 kt (1%)Greece85 kt (1%)Luxembourg69 kt (<1%)Estonia62 kt (<1%)Bulgaria56 kt (<1%)Cyprus26 kt (<1%)Lithuania24 kt (<1%)Malta13 kt (<1%)Denmark6.0 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Saudi Arabia635 kt (8%)
- India577 kt (8%)
- United States370 kt (5%)
- Singapore241 kt (3%)
- United Kingdom228 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU649 kt (9%)
- Netherlands1.27 Mt (17%)
- Belgium849 kt (11%)
- Germany780 kt (10%)
- Italy291 kt (4%)
- Spain230 kt (3%)
- Finland214 kt (3%)
- Denmark190 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states952 kt (13%)
- Origin not reported34 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Germany | 636,559 | 58.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 373,858 | 70.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 298,100 | 64.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 234,509 | 21.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 221,000 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 218,500 | 68.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Poland | 215,968 | 32.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Czechia | 215,000 | 86.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 194,120 | 72.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania | 190,000 | 60.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Spain | 178,021 | 39.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 164,000 | 15.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| India | Portugal | 134,612 | 54.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland | 131,469 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 120,045 | 26.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | France | 120,000 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Belgium | 117,700 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Italy | 113,182 | 28.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 108,672 | 27.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Croatia | 106,000 | 54.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 105,000 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 104,558 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France | 101,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 97,415 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 94,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 91,174 | 13.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Sweden | 91,158 | 36.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 88,400 | 45.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Ireland | 87,593 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 82,177 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 81,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 77,000 | 24.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Slovenia | 74,000 | 33.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 72,276 | 47.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Spain | 71,853 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 70,769 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 70,514 | 45.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 69,224 | 65.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Sweden | 68,972 | 27.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Spain | 64,227 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovenia | 61,000 | 27.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 60,479 | 87.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Germany | 59,737 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 53,000 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 52,112 | 13.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 49,515 | 9.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 49,140 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | France | 49,000 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary | 48,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 47,794 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Ireland | 47,544 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Germany | 45,355 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 44,628 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Poland | 43,919 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 41,949 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 41,613 | 49.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Austria | 41,532 | 15.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Singapore | Belgium | 41,100 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 40,827 | 73.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Romania | 40,000 | 12.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Greece | 38,350 | 45.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia | 37,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 34,348 | 13.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 34,000 | 13.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 34,000 | 3.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 33,573 | 3.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 33,000 | 53.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Austria | 32,454 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary | 28,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovenia | 28,000 | 12.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Italy | 27,161 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 26,978 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Portugal | 25,226 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia | 23,314 | 21.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Slovenia | 23,000 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 22,900 | 7.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Singapore | France | 22,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Poland | 21,130 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 17,755 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 16,576 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 16,485 | 6.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 16,000 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 15,115 | 27.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Lithuania | 15,100 | 63.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 15,000 | 24.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Spain | 15,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 14,082 | 54.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Estonia | 14,000 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 11,560 | 45.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Slovakia | 10,943 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 9,687 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Sweden | 9,442 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 7,800 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 7,675 | 58.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Latvia | 6,231 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Romania | 6,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 6,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Luxembourg | 5,680 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 5,600 | 23.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Malta | 5,555 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Latvia | 3,905 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,894 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Greece | 3,810 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 3,625 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Lithuania | 3,000 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Luxembourg | 2,836 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Greece | 1,116 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary | 1,100 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
10 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the road diesel was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.