Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 7,508 kt of road diesel; the largest origins outside the EU were Saudi Arabia (8%) and India (8%), and 64% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- France
- Poland
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Other EU (21)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (37) | Other EU (21) | 1,782,775 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 636,559 | 58.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (21) | 425,797 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (21) | 414,028 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 373,858 | 70.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | France | 323,000 | 30.5% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| India | Other EU (21) | 313,137 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 298,100 | 64.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Other EU (21) | 291,407 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Germany | 234,509 | 21.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 221,000 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Poland | 215,968 | 32.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Other EU (21) | 178,021 | 39.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Poland | 156,223 | 23.8% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (21) | 140,247 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Poland | 131,469 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 120,000 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Belgium | 117,700 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (37) | Netherlands | 107,829 | 20.3% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 105,000 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 104,558 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France | 101,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (21) | 95,106 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (37) | Germany | 93,783 | 8.6% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 82,177 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 81,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (21) | 63,180 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | France | 53,000 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 49,140 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Poland | 47,794 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Germany | 45,355 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium | 41,100 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 34,000 | 3.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Singapore | France | 22,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 7,800 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the road diesel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.