Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,387 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (10%), and 76% came from other EU member states, with 2% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total to EU member states (Dec 2023)
484.2 thousand tonnes
14% of reported EU fuel oil imports
Official
Top destination countries
- Netherlands380 kt (78%)
- Spain55 kt (11%)
- Other EU (13)49 kt (10%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Netherlands | 725,895 | 37.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Netherlands | 487,014 | 25.3% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 380,121 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 238,000 | 78.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 220,892 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Spain | 182,670 | 40.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Malta | 122,992 | 77.1% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Netherlands | 109,597 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 85,703 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Greece | 79,348 | 71.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Italy | 72,832 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Other EU (13) | 70,237 | — | Summed by usSum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 63,846 | 14.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins (29) | Cyprus | 59,604 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Spain | 55,058 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Denmark | 55,000 | 47.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Other EU (13) | 49,061 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 46,000 | 39.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 41,071 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 37,300 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Malta | 36,623 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (13) | 36,110 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Other EU (13) | 34,473 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Greece | 31,032 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 18,395 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 15,000 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,500 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Belgium | 10,200 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Belgium | 8,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 3,000 | 5.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.