Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,505 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (8%), and 75% came from other EU member states, with 2% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total to EU member states (Dec 2025)
699.5 thousand tonnes
20% of reported EU fuel oil imports
Official
Top destination countries
- Netherlands583 kt (83%)
- Denmark45 kt (6%)
- Sweden39 kt (6%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 582,501 | 29.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Netherlands | 535,629 | 27.3% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Spain | 446,034 | 74.6% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 405,336 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 258,356 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 220,100 | 85.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 182,034 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Other EU (12) | 108,706 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Germany | 97,493 | 73.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 86,906 | 14.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins (30) | Malta | 83,833 | 88.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Greece | 76,472 | 81.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Denmark | 45,000 | 34.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden | 38,852 | 41.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Denmark | 36,000 | 27.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 35,100 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden | 34,960 | 37.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 28,910 | 21.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 28,327 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 23,485 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (12) | 21,600 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 21,000 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Sweden | 20,374 | 21.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Greece | 17,463 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 17,000 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 12,961 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 12,000 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (12) | 8,576 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Malta | 6,995 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 6,383 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Malta | 3,237 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Belgium | 2,100 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Malta | 1,207 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Other EU (12) | 400 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, France, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.