Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,761 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Kuwait (7%), the United Kingdom (7%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 71% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total fuel oil imports reported (Mar 2025)
553.3 thousand tonnes
15% of reported EU fuel oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Other origins (32)369 kt (67%)
- Netherlands79 kt (14%)
- United Kingdom75 kt (14%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (32) | Netherlands | 834,095 | 38.8% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 460,925 | 21.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 449,334 | 20.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | Spain | 368,590 | 66.6% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 255,409 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 215,100 | 78.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | Other EU (12) | 188,385 | — | Summed by usSum of 10 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 151,330 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | Malta | 115,248 | 97.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | Greece | 108,800 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 78,733 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 74,948 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | Germany | 53,361 | 59.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | Belgium | 49,000 | 17.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | Denmark | 48,000 | 49.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (12) | 46,112 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | France | 44,000 | 37.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 36,000 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 33,000 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | France | 30,000 | 25.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 28,486 | 5.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 26,128 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (12) | 16,000 | 34.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 13,000 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,400 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 9,856 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 7,000 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Malta | 3,124 | 2.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 3,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Spain | 2,500 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 864 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (12) | 51 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.