Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,431 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (9%), and 77% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total to EU member states (Aug 2023)
306.6 thousand tonnes
9% of reported EU fuel oil imports
Official
Top destination countries
- Netherlands245 kt (80%)
- Spain30 kt (10%)
- Denmark16 kt (5%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | Netherlands | 649,010 | 36.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Netherlands | 498,143 | 28.2% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 374,573 | 21.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 245,425 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 239,600 | 94.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Spain | 222,368 | 48.3% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Other EU (13) | 212,221 | — | Summed by usSum of 12 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Spain | 143,931 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Malta | 126,853 | 79.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Greece | 111,586 | 62.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Italy | 106,903 | 74.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 55,308 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 39,000 | 36.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Germany | 37,809 | 39.7% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Italy | 37,078 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Greece | 34,507 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 34,271 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Greece | 32,461 | 18.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 30,084 | 6.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 30,004 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Denmark | 24,000 | 22.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Other EU (13) | 23,198 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Denmark | 20,000 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 18,311 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 16,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Malta | 14,672 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (13) | 12,068 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (13) | 11,903 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Belgium | 8,600 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 6,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 6,000 | 6.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 3,300 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 2,200 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 2,187 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.