Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,431 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (9%), and 77% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom307 kt (9%)United States117 kt (3%)Gibraltar95 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU250 kt (7%)France671 kt (20%)Belgium462 kt (13%)Netherlands410 kt (12%)Italy195 kt (6%)Spain178 kt (5%)Poland128 kt (4%)Germany122 kt (4%)Estonia90 kt (3%)Denmark88 kt (3%)Other EU member states280 kt (8%)Origin not reported37 kt (1%)Netherlands1.77 Mt (52%)Spain461 kt (13%)Belgium254 kt (7%)Greece179 kt (5%)Malta160 kt (5%)Italy144 kt (4%)Denmark106 kt (3%)Germany95 kt (3%)France93 kt (3%)Cyprus77 kt (2%)Sweden60 kt (2%)Estonia21 kt (<1%)Lithuania8.1 kt (<1%)Bulgaria4.6 kt (<1%)Latvia0.7 kt (<1%)Croatia0.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia0.3 kt (<1%)Austria0.2 kt (<1%)Poland0.1 kt (<1%)Luxembourg0.1 kt (<1%)Portugalless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom307 kt (9%)
- United States117 kt (3%)
- Gibraltar95 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU250 kt (7%)
- France671 kt (20%)
- Belgium462 kt (13%)
- Netherlands410 kt (12%)
- Italy195 kt (6%)
- Spain178 kt (5%)
- Poland128 kt (4%)
- Germany122 kt (4%)
- Estonia90 kt (3%)
- Denmark88 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states280 kt (8%)
- Origin not reported37 kt (1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | Netherlands | 649,010 | 36.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 374,573 | 21.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 245,425 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 239,600 | 94.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 143,931 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 111,412 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 104,289 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 95,363 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 92,321 | 5.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 78,946 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 78,758 | 17.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 77,521 | 53.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 72,343 | 40.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 71,841 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 67,334 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Cyprus | 59,906 | 77.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 55,308 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 46,000 | 49.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 41,845 | 26.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 39,334 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 39,000 | 36.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 37,078 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden | 35,482 | 59.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Spain | 35,224 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Greece | 34,507 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 34,271 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Greece | 32,894 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 32,776 | 34.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 32,461 | 18.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 30,084 | 6.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 30,004 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Denmark | 20,000 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 18,311 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Malta | 17,674 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 16,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Denmark | 16,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 15,428 | 20.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Italy | 14,952 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Malta | 14,672 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 14,430 | 10.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 13,023 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | France | 13,000 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 12,000 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 11,903 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 11,000 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 8,000 | 7.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Lithuania | 7,400 | 91.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,198 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 6,349 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Estonia | 6,000 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 6,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 6,000 | 28.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 6,000 | 6.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Belgium | 5,600 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 5,329 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 5,000 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 4,206 | 91.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 4,000 | 19.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 3,300 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 3,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 3,000 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Belgium | 2,200 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 2,187 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 2,185 | 2.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | Germany | 2,146 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 2,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 1,575 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 738 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Estonia | Lithuania | 700 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Germany | 679 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 450 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 373 | 8.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 333 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 182 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 99 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 68 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 20 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.