Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,789 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (13%), and 69% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom500 kt (13%)Gibraltar121 kt (3%)Norway116 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU386 kt (10%)Belgium620 kt (16%)Netherlands445 kt (12%)Germany257 kt (7%)France230 kt (6%)Sweden184 kt (5%)Finland181 kt (5%)Greece169 kt (4%)Spain167 kt (4%)Poland120 kt (3%)Other EU member states252 kt (7%)Origin not reported41 kt (1%)Netherlands1.97 Mt (52%)Spain444 kt (12%)Belgium318 kt (8%)Greece180 kt (5%)Malta158 kt (4%)Denmark157 kt (4%)Cyprus121 kt (3%)Italy103 kt (3%)Germany98 kt (3%)France96 kt (3%)Sweden74 kt (2%)Portugal31 kt (<1%)Estonia24 kt (<1%)Lithuania11 kt (<1%)Poland3.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia2.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.8 kt (<1%)Croatia0.9 kt (<1%)Latvialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Austrialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Luxembourgless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom500 kt (13%)
- Gibraltar121 kt (3%)
- Norway116 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU386 kt (10%)
- Belgium620 kt (16%)
- Netherlands445 kt (12%)
- Germany257 kt (7%)
- France230 kt (6%)
- Sweden184 kt (5%)
- Finland181 kt (5%)
- Greece169 kt (4%)
- Spain167 kt (4%)
- Poland120 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states252 kt (7%)
- Origin not reported41 kt (1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 527,296 | 26.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 339,013 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 232,931 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 211,800 | 66.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 175,836 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Netherlands | 167,074 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 139,598 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 127,355 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 119,505 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 108,822 | 68.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 105,246 | 23.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 103,315 | 57.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 100,922 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 87,919 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 87,400 | 27.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Cyprus | 84,762 | 69.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 74,000 | 47.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 67,528 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 64,946 | 14.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 50,750 | 49.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 50,124 | 67.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 49,959 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 49,038 | 31.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Greece | 46,436 | 25.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 42,000 | 43.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 39,289 | 39.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Spain | 38,970 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 34,750 | 7.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 34,000 | 35.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Denmark | 33,000 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Denmark | 32,000 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 31,436 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 30,862 | 6.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Greece | 29,853 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 25,656 | 25.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 24,647 | 24.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 20,007 | 16.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Denmark | 18,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 17,538 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 17,041 | 17.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Sweden | 15,523 | 20.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 14,852 | 12.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 14,507 | 14.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 12,000 | 50.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Belgium | 10,700 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Lithuania | 10,500 | 96.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 10,000 | 10.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Germany | 9,980 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 8,400 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 7,000 | 29.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 6,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 5,000 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 4,987 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 4,000 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 3,604 | 4.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 3,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 1,975 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Greece | Cyprus | 1,767 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Italy | 1,695 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 1,467 | 82.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 917 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Lithuania | 400 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 307 | 17.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 26 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Austria | 26 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 25 | 58.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Latvia | 18 | 41.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.