Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,789 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (13%), and 69% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Belgium620 kt (16%)United Kingdom500 kt (13%)Netherlands445 kt (12%)Germany257 kt (7%)France230 kt (6%)Sweden184 kt (5%)Finland181 kt (5%)Greece169 kt (4%)Other origins (29)1.16 Mt (31%)Origin not reported41 kt (1%)Netherlands1.97 Mt (52%)Spain444 kt (12%)Belgium318 kt (8%)Greece180 kt (5%)Malta158 kt (4%)Other EU (16)724 kt (19%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Greece
- Malta
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 527,296 | 26.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Other EU (16) | 378,525 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 339,013 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Netherlands | 256,369 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Netherlands | 232,931 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Spain | 219,201 | 49.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 211,800 | 66.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 175,836 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Netherlands | 167,074 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Malta | 157,860 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Greece | 149,751 | 83.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Netherlands | 139,598 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 128,069 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 127,355 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 105,246 | 23.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (16) | 92,564 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 87,400 | 27.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 74,000 | 47.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 49,959 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Spain | 38,970 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 30,862 | 6.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Greece | 29,853 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Other EU (16) | 18,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (16) | 15,949 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Belgium | 10,700 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 10,000 | 10.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Belgium | 8,400 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Other EU (16) | 5,000 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Other EU (16) | 1,767 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.