Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,795 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (10%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom367 kt (10%)United States180 kt (5%)Gibraltar115 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU368 kt (10%)Belgium681 kt (18%)Netherlands487 kt (13%)France295 kt (8%)Spain250 kt (7%)Germany233 kt (6%)Italy201 kt (5%)Lithuania166 kt (4%)Denmark149 kt (4%)Estonia96 kt (3%)Other EU member states177 kt (5%)Origin not reported29 kt (<1%)Netherlands2.03 Mt (54%)Spain519 kt (14%)Belgium315 kt (8%)Malta165 kt (4%)Germany146 kt (4%)Denmark146 kt (4%)Greece129 kt (3%)Italy88 kt (2%)France82 kt (2%)Cyprus48 kt (1%)Finland32 kt (<1%)Portugal21 kt (<1%)Ireland17 kt (<1%)Slovakia15 kt (<1%)Estonia14 kt (<1%)Poland8.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania7.0 kt (<1%)Sweden3.2 kt (<1%)Bulgaria2.7 kt (<1%)Czechia2.0 kt (<1%)Croatia0.9 kt (<1%)Austria0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia0.1 kt (<1%)Luxembourg0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom367 kt (10%)
- United States180 kt (5%)
- Gibraltar115 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU368 kt (10%)
- Belgium681 kt (18%)
- Netherlands487 kt (13%)
- France295 kt (8%)
- Spain250 kt (7%)
- Germany233 kt (6%)
- Italy201 kt (5%)
- Lithuania166 kt (4%)
- Denmark149 kt (4%)
- Estonia96 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states177 kt (5%)
- Origin not reported29 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 556,278 | 27.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 232,200 | 73.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 228,520 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 226,791 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 179,944 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 179,632 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 171,568 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 166,244 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 152,465 | 29.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 133,928 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 115,208 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 96,343 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 94,675 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 77,800 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 77,357 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 68,444 | 13.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Greece | 64,637 | 50.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 64,598 | 39.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 51,217 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 48,950 | 29.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 45,990 | 31.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Spain | 45,966 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 44,164 | 50.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 39,000 | 26.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Cyprus | 36,153 | 74.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Greece | 36,126 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 35,000 | 42.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Denmark | 33,000 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark | 30,000 | 20.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 29,176 | 5.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 27,000 | 32.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 26,742 | 30.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 25,000 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 24,834 | 4.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 24,649 | 14.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Malta | 23,316 | 14.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 20,978 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 20,416 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 16,749 | 19.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Finland | 16,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 16,000 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 15,094 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 14,046 | 10.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Greece | 13,975 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 12,811 | 76.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 11,011 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 11,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 11,000 | 78.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 10,411 | 21.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | France | 10,000 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Germany | 9,337 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 9,094 | 6.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 8,000 | 5.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 8,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Lithuania | 6,900 | 98.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 6,000 | 7.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 4,300 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 4,264 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 4,026 | 23.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 4,000 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Malta | 3,893 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 3,174 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Estonia | 3,000 | 21.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 2,588 | 94.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 1,734 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 903 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Belgium | 400 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 154 | 5.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 100 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 78 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Luxembourg | 68 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 45 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Latvia | 25 | 35.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Hungary, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.