Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,795 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (10%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Malta
- Germany
- Other EU (19)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 556,278 | 27.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Netherlands | 491,190 | 24.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 232,200 | 73.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 228,520 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 226,791 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Other EU (19) | 214,691 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Spain | 212,828 | 41.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 179,944 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 179,632 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 171,568 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 152,465 | 29.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (19) | 134,101 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (19) | 109,221 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Malta | 89,247 | 54.0% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Other EU (19) | 77,953 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 77,800 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 77,357 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (19) | 64,637 | 50.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Germany | 64,421 | 44.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 51,217 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 48,950 | 29.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 45,966 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 24,834 | 4.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Netherlands | Malta | 23,316 | 14.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 20,416 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 11,011 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (19) | 11,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 4,300 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 4,264 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (19) | 4,000 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Malta | 3,893 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 400 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Other EU (19) | 78 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the fuel oil was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Hungary, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.