Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,958 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (7%), and 80% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Germany737 kt (19%)Belgium651 kt (16%)Netherlands512 kt (13%)France318 kt (8%)Italy273 kt (7%)Other origins (35)1.44 Mt (36%)Origin not reported28 kt (<1%)Netherlands2.05 Mt (52%)Spain692 kt (17%)Belgium340 kt (9%)Malta160 kt (4%)Greece142 kt (4%)Germany134 kt (3%)Cyprus99 kt (3%)Sweden84 kt (2%)Other EU (12)263 kt (7%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Netherlands | 681,136 | 33.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Netherlands | 628,628 | 30.7% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 504,096 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 261,900 | 77.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Spain | 237,677 | 34.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Other EU (12) | 192,674 | — | Summed by usSum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Spain | 161,159 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 143,870 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 140,860 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Cyprus | 99,165 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Malta | 91,934 | 57.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Netherlands | 87,374 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 84,635 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Belgium | 75,800 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Malta | 68,039 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 62,603 | 46.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden | 53,877 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (35) | Greece | 49,121 | 34.7% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (35) | Germany | 47,041 | 35.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Spain | 44,072 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (12) | 40,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Greece | 34,912 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Greece | 32,820 | 23.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (12) | 25,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Greece | 24,722 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 24,293 | 18.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 23,195 | 3.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins (35) | Sweden | 16,930 | 20.2% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 12,990 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (12) | 5,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Belgium | 2,400 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.