Fuel Origin

Flows

How oil reaches each country

Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.

In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,958 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (7%), and 80% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.

Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
OilCrude oilRoad dieselPetrolJet fuelHeating and other gasoilFuel oilNaphthaLPG
Month
Nov 2023
Latest month all EU members reported
2026
2025
2024
2023
Origins named891011121314151617181920

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Where the oil was produced

  • Reported (solid)
  • Summed by us (dotted)
  • Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
Reported imports, largest first
FromToTonnesShareHow we know
GermanyNetherlands681,13633.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumNetherlands504,09624.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsBelgium261,90077.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomNetherlands168,1868.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ItalySpain161,15923.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SwedenNetherlands156,5497.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceNetherlands143,8707.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceSpain140,86020.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GibraltarSpain117,77617.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
PolandNetherlands102,3515.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
ItalyNetherlands87,3744.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsSpain84,63512.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SpainCyprus83,61984.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
TürkiyeNetherlands83,4214.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomBelgium75,80022.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsMalta68,03942.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SwedenSpain67,8509.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUMalta67,79442.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
BelgiumGermany62,60346.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUNetherlands60,5203.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
DenmarkNetherlands57,6012.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
GermanySweden53,87764.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumSpain44,0726.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUFrance37,00063.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesSpain35,0985.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
NetherlandsGreece34,91224.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SpainGreece32,92123.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
FranceGreece32,82023.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUGermany30,21522.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesItaly28,49079.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUDenmark28,00035.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
ItalyGreece24,72217.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsGermany24,29318.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Origin not reportedSpain23,1953.4%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
NetherlandsDenmark19,00023.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesSlovakia17,059100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EULithuania16,50092.2%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
BelgiumFinland16,000100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
PolandEstonia16,00084.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
TürkiyeSpain15,0062.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumDenmark15,00018.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
TürkiyeMalta14,9029.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsSweden12,99015.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SpainPortugal12,981100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EUCyprus10,82210.9%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUGreece10,4507.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
United KingdomDenmark10,00012.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesMalta9,2385.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
DenmarkSweden9,06910.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
BelgiumFrance9,00015.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
United KingdomSweden7,8619.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesGermany7,6835.7%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUItaly7,31720.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
SwedenDenmark7,0008.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
DenmarkGermany6,5604.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
NetherlandsFrance6,00010.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesGreece5,7504.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesCyprus4,7244.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Origin not reportedFrance4,0006.9%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
Other origins outside the EUEstonia3,00015.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesBulgaria2,73494.6%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
GermanyBelgium2,4000.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SwedenGermany2,2581.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
SpainFrance2,0003.4%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesCzechia2,000100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
United KingdomSpain1,9470.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other EU member statesLithuania1,4007.8%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Origin not reportedDenmark1,0001.3%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
Other EU member statesCroatia813100.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
PolandGermany3250.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
Other origins outside the EULatvia20088.9%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other origins outside the EUBulgaria1555.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Other EU member statesLatvia2511.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Source & method
Source
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV

Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).

Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).

Not in the diagram: Austria, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.

  • Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
  • Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
  • A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.