Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,958 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (7%), and 80% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Malta
- Greece
- Other EU (15)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Netherlands | 681,136 | 33.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 504,096 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | Netherlands | 303,893 | 14.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 261,900 | 77.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | Other EU (15) | 230,091 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 168,186 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | Spain | 167,880 | 24.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Spain | 161,159 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 156,549 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 143,870 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 140,860 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (15) | 102,603 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Spain | Other EU (15) | 98,600 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | Malta | 91,934 | 57.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Netherlands | 87,374 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 84,635 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 75,800 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Malta | 68,039 | 42.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Spain | 67,850 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (15) | 62,283 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Other EU (15) | 53,877 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 44,072 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Greece | 34,912 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | Greece | 32,921 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Greece | 32,820 | 23.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Greece | 24,722 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 23,195 | 3.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (15) | 17,861 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | Greece | 16,200 | 11.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Sweden | Other EU (15) | 9,258 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (15) | 5,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Belgium | 2,400 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 1,947 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the fuel oil was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.