Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,387 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (10%), and 76% came from other EU member states, with 2% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom351 kt (10%)Gibraltar104 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU285 kt (8%)Germany772 kt (23%)Belgium484 kt (14%)Netherlands339 kt (10%)France234 kt (7%)Italy155 kt (5%)Greece120 kt (4%)Lithuania109 kt (3%)Sweden100 kt (3%)Spain79 kt (2%)Poland72 kt (2%)Other EU member states116 kt (3%)Origin not reported67 kt (2%)Netherlands1.92 Mt (57%)Spain447 kt (13%)Belgium304 kt (9%)Malta160 kt (5%)Denmark117 kt (3%)Greece110 kt (3%)Italy73 kt (2%)Cyprus60 kt (2%)France52 kt (2%)Germany52 kt (2%)Sweden47 kt (1%)Finland16 kt (<1%)Estonia14 kt (<1%)Bulgaria2.5 kt (<1%)Slovakia2.1 kt (<1%)Poland2.0 kt (<1%)Romania2.0 kt (<1%)Latvia1.7 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.9 kt (<1%)Croatia0.8 kt (<1%)Austria0.1 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom351 kt (10%)
- Gibraltar104 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU285 kt (8%)
- Germany772 kt (23%)
- Belgium484 kt (14%)
- Netherlands339 kt (10%)
- France234 kt (7%)
- Italy155 kt (5%)
- Greece120 kt (4%)
- Lithuania109 kt (3%)
- Sweden100 kt (3%)
- Spain79 kt (2%)
- Poland72 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states116 kt (3%)
- Origin not reported67 kt (2%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | Netherlands | 725,895 | 37.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 380,121 | 19.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 238,000 | 78.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 220,892 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Netherlands | 118,138 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 109,597 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 106,876 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 104,442 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 93,740 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 85,703 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 78,424 | 49.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Netherlands | 71,972 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 63,846 | 14.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Italy | Spain | 57,277 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 55,058 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 55,000 | 47.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 53,339 | 48.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 48,590 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 47,698 | 2.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 46,000 | 39.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 44,568 | 27.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Cyprus | 41,776 | 70.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 41,071 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 37,300 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Malta | 36,623 | 22.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 35,061 | 67.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden | 34,421 | 73.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Greece | 31,032 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Italy | 30,380 | 41.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 28,000 | 53.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 23,552 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 18,900 | 26.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 18,395 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 16,238 | 27.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Finland | 16,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 15,869 | 14.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 15,000 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 14,943 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 14,000 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 10,500 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 10,200 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 10,140 | 9.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 8,550 | 16.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 8,122 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 8,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 8,000 | 57.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | France | 7,000 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 6,988 | 14.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Spain | 6,008 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 5,635 | 12.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Estonia | 5,000 | 35.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 3,000 | 5.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 2,243 | 89.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 2,126 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 2,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 1,665 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Cyprus | 1,590 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 1,000 | 7.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 900 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 837 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 259 | 10.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 52 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.