Fuel Origin

Flows

How oil reaches each country

Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.

In December 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,387 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (10%), and 76% came from other EU member states, with 2% not attributed to any country.

Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
OilCrude oilRoad dieselPetrolJet fuelHeating and other gasoilFuel oilNaphthaLPG
Month
Dec 2023
Latest month all EU members reported
2026
2025
2024
2023

Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.

Country it was last shipped from

  • Reported (solid)
  • Summed by us (dotted)
  • Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
Reported imports, largest first
FromToTonnesShareHow we know
GermanyNetherlands725,89537.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
BelgiumNetherlands380,12119.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
Other origins (26)Netherlands262,00013.6%Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page.
NetherlandsBelgium238,00078.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
Other origins (26)Other EU (16)225,427—Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page.
United KingdomNetherlands220,89211.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
Other origins (26)Spain125,39328.1%Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page.
GreeceNetherlands118,1386.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
FranceNetherlands109,5975.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
LithuaniaNetherlands106,8765.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
FranceSpain85,70319.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
Other origins (26)Malta78,42449.1%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
Origin not reportedSpain63,84614.3%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
ItalySpain57,27712.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
BelgiumSpain55,05812.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
Other origins (26)Denmark55,00047.0%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
ItalyOther EU (16)53,33948.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
BelgiumOther EU (16)49,061—Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page.
NetherlandsDenmark46,00039.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
ItalyMalta44,56827.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
United KingdomSpain41,0719.2%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
United KingdomBelgium37,30012.3%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
United KingdomMalta36,62322.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
NetherlandsOther EU (16)36,110—Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page.
GermanyOther EU (16)34,473—Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page.
FranceOther EU (16)31,03228.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
NetherlandsSpain18,3954.1%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
United KingdomDenmark15,00012.8%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
GermanyBelgium10,5003.5%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
Other origins (26)Belgium10,2003.4%Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins.
FranceBelgium8,0002.6%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
Origin not reportedOther EU (16)3,0005.8%Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners.
LithuaniaOther EU (16)1,665100.0%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
GreeceOther EU (16)1,5902.7%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)
GermanyDenmark1,0000.9%ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis)

One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.

Source & method
Source
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV

Left: the country the fuel oil was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).

Month: 2023-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).

Not in the diagram: Czechia, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.

  • Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
  • Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
  • A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.