Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,376 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (11%) and Gibraltar (6%), and 77% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom363 kt (11%)Gibraltar199 kt (6%)United States71 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU129 kt (4%)Netherlands516 kt (15%)Belgium460 kt (14%)France325 kt (10%)Germany273 kt (8%)Sweden213 kt (6%)Poland195 kt (6%)Denmark162 kt (5%)Italy143 kt (4%)Spain97 kt (3%)Other EU member states220 kt (7%)Origin not reported8.5 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.76 Mt (52%)Spain612 kt (18%)Belgium345 kt (10%)Greece135 kt (4%)Malta131 kt (4%)Denmark116 kt (3%)France96 kt (3%)Cyprus58 kt (2%)Italy26 kt (<1%)Portugal21 kt (<1%)Poland20 kt (<1%)Ireland19 kt (<1%)Sweden18 kt (<1%)Finland16 kt (<1%)Bulgaria6.5 kt (<1%)Czechia1.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania1.0 kt (<1%)Croatia0.6 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom363 kt (11%)
- Gibraltar199 kt (6%)
- United States71 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU129 kt (4%)
- Netherlands516 kt (15%)
- Belgium460 kt (14%)
- France325 kt (10%)
- Germany273 kt (8%)
- Sweden213 kt (6%)
- Poland195 kt (6%)
- Denmark162 kt (5%)
- Italy143 kt (4%)
- Spain97 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states220 kt (7%)
- Origin not reported8.5 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 389,467 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 315,935 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 252,942 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 235,500 | 68.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 234,844 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 199,089 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 195,233 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 118,929 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 105,903 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 98,783 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 86,875 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 85,003 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Spain | 69,686 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Spain | 67,719 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Greece | 63,769 | 47.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 61,519 | 47.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Belgium | 61,400 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 60,000 | 51.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 57,364 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 42,858 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 42,064 | 6.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 40,000 | 41.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 36,400 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 33,963 | 25.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Denmark | 31,000 | 26.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 27,000 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Malta | 26,485 | 20.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Greece | 24,615 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Cyprus | 24,401 | 42.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Portugal | 21,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 20,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Cyprus | 19,987 | 34.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 19,102 | 74.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Malta | 17,841 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 16,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 15,182 | 78.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 14,000 | 14.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Denmark | 13,000 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Malta | 12,485 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 12,409 | 21.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 10,527 | 58.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 10,000 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 9,700 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 9,000 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Greece | 7,461 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 7,404 | 41.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 6,757 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 6,555 | 25.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 6,007 | 92.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 5,710 | 4.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 4,774 | 3.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 4,461 | 0.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Sweden | Ireland | 4,073 | 21.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 4,000 | 4.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Denmark | 3,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 1,700 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 1,248 | 2.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | France | 1,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 557 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 487 | 7.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-02 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.