Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,917 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (9%), and 75% came from other EU member states, with less than 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom369 kt (9%)Gibraltar158 kt (4%)Algeria104 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU327 kt (8%)Belgium814 kt (21%)Germany452 kt (12%)Netherlands418 kt (11%)Poland284 kt (7%)Lithuania234 kt (6%)Italy176 kt (4%)France139 kt (4%)Finland89 kt (2%)Sweden88 kt (2%)Other EU member states248 kt (6%)Origin not reported18 kt (<1%)Netherlands2.29 Mt (58%)Spain363 kt (9%)Belgium315 kt (8%)Greece199 kt (5%)France187 kt (5%)Malta153 kt (4%)Germany101 kt (3%)Denmark91 kt (2%)Italy84 kt (2%)Cyprus38 kt (<1%)Portugal33 kt (<1%)Sweden28 kt (<1%)Ireland25 kt (<1%)Estonia7.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria2.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.8 kt (<1%)Croatia0.4 kt (<1%)Latvia0.2 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom369 kt (9%)
- Gibraltar158 kt (4%)
- Algeria104 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU327 kt (8%)
- Belgium814 kt (21%)
- Germany452 kt (12%)
- Netherlands418 kt (11%)
- Poland284 kt (7%)
- Lithuania234 kt (6%)
- Italy176 kt (4%)
- France139 kt (4%)
- Finland89 kt (2%)
- Sweden88 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states248 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported18 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 740,548 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 444,368 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 315,700 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 266,452 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 249,300 | 79.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 233,756 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 158,334 | 43.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 120,225 | 33.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 99,312 | 49.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Netherlands | 88,508 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 85,346 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 78,160 | 50.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 72,000 | 38.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 67,022 | 33.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | France | 64,000 | 34.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 55,566 | 36.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 48,000 | 52.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 46,631 | 2.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 42,300 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 40,180 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 38,126 | 37.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 37,571 | 44.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 34,992 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 34,415 | 41.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 34,000 | 18.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Portugal | 33,000 | 99.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Greece | 32,936 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 28,070 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 27,125 | 26.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 25,483 | 67.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 25,276 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 22,605 | 22.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 21,786 | 78.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 19,100 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 17,813 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Denmark | 17,000 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 14,259 | 3.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Denmark | 14,000 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 12,859 | 8.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 12,332 | 32.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Italy | 11,937 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 11,405 | 11.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 10,480 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 8,000 | 4.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Estonia | 7,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Malta | 6,887 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 6,239 | 1.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 6,000 | 6.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 5,954 | 21.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 4,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 4,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 4,000 | 2.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Germany | Denmark | 3,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 3,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 1,828 | 92.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 1,183 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 800 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 470 | 0.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Germany | 459 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 421 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 221 | 94.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 157 | 7.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 50 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 8 | 3.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Latvia | 4 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Austria, Czechia, Finland, Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.