Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 4,328 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (12%), and 74% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom501 kt (12%)United States175 kt (4%)Gibraltar159 kt (4%)Türkiye116 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU140 kt (3%)Belgium942 kt (22%)Netherlands469 kt (11%)Germany424 kt (10%)France311 kt (7%)Denmark205 kt (5%)Poland144 kt (3%)Finland124 kt (3%)Lithuania118 kt (3%)Other EU member states461 kt (11%)Origin not reported37 kt (<1%)Netherlands2.66 Mt (61%)Spain548 kt (13%)Belgium313 kt (7%)Malta173 kt (4%)Denmark148 kt (3%)Germany123 kt (3%)France118 kt (3%)Greece76 kt (2%)Sweden57 kt (1%)Portugal55 kt (1%)Italy28 kt (<1%)Cyprus17 kt (<1%)Slovakia6.6 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania1.9 kt (<1%)Estonia1.0 kt (<1%)Latvia0.5 kt (<1%)Croatia0.4 kt (<1%)Austria0.2 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom501 kt (12%)
- United States175 kt (4%)
- Gibraltar159 kt (4%)
- Türkiye116 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU140 kt (3%)
- Belgium942 kt (22%)
- Netherlands469 kt (11%)
- Germany424 kt (10%)
- France311 kt (7%)
- Denmark205 kt (5%)
- Poland144 kt (3%)
- Finland124 kt (3%)
- Lithuania118 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states461 kt (11%)
- Origin not reported37 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 856,144 | 32.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 437,224 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 331,244 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 279,400 | 89.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 204,320 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 175,479 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 171,931 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 159,365 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 152,704 | 27.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Netherlands | 142,955 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 123,459 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 117,624 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 99,874 | 3.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Türkiye | Spain | 91,898 | 16.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 91,184 | 52.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 64,157 | 52.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 61,000 | 41.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 57,802 | 33.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 56,864 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 53,000 | 44.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 42,000 | 28.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 33,000 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 33,000 | 60.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Sweden | 32,976 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 32,663 | 43.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Greece | 32,646 | 43.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 29,933 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Germany | 28,488 | 23.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 26,651 | 96.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Belgium | 26,000 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Malta | 23,925 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 22,021 | 40.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 21,033 | 3.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Spain | 19,903 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 18,000 | 15.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Denmark | France | 16,000 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 16,000 | 13.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 15,900 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 15,016 | 89.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 14,833 | 26.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 14,757 | 12.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 12,000 | 8.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Greece | 10,514 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden | 9,078 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Germany | 8,364 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 8,000 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 7,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 7,000 | 5.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 6,582 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 3,290 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 2,958 | 95.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 2,929 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 1,747 | 10.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 1,700 | 89.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Poland | Germany | 1,016 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia | 1,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 880 | 3.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 477 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 434 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 205 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Lithuania | 200 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 157 | 5.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.