Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 4,328 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (12%), and 74% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Country it was last shipped from
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Malta
- Denmark
- Other EU (14)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country last shipped from
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 856,144 | 32.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Netherlands | 483,912 | 18.2% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 437,224 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 331,244 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 279,400 | 89.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Spain | 244,602 | 44.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Netherlands | 204,320 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Other EU (14) | 189,349 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 175,479 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Malta | 172,911 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 171,931 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 159,365 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (14) | 72,157 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Other EU (14) | 61,134 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 61,000 | 41.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 56,864 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Other EU (14) | 55,929 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Other EU (14) | 43,895 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Denmark | 42,000 | 28.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Other EU (14) | 33,442 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 33,000 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 29,933 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 26,000 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 21,033 | 3.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Spain | 19,903 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (14) | 16,000 | 13.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 15,900 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (14) | 14,833 | 26.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Denmark | 12,000 | 8.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 7,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined.
Left: the country the fuel oil was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): for refined products, the country the fuel was last shipped from, as each EU member state reports it; it may be a trading hub rather than where the fuel was refined. The customs basis is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states may be fuel refined there or fuel only shipped on from elsewhere; they are grouped separately.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.