Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,394 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (18%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom612 kt (18%)Saudi Arabia74 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU230 kt (7%)Belgium559 kt (16%)Netherlands481 kt (14%)Germany404 kt (12%)Finland176 kt (5%)Poland165 kt (5%)Italy135 kt (4%)Estonia108 kt (3%)Spain90 kt (3%)Sweden76 kt (2%)Malta66 kt (2%)Other EU member states185 kt (5%)Origin not reported35 kt (1%)Netherlands1.96 Mt (58%)Spain488 kt (14%)Belgium327 kt (10%)Greece111 kt (3%)Malta97 kt (3%)Germany92 kt (3%)France70 kt (2%)Cyprus63 kt (2%)Denmark56 kt (2%)Italy55 kt (2%)Portugal31 kt (<1%)Sweden22 kt (<1%)Slovakia9.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.4 kt (<1%)Czechia1.0 kt (<1%)Estonia1.0 kt (<1%)Croatia0.9 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.8 kt (<1%)Latvia0.7 kt (<1%)Austria0.2 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom612 kt (18%)
- Saudi Arabia74 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU230 kt (7%)
- Belgium559 kt (16%)
- Netherlands481 kt (14%)
- Germany404 kt (12%)
- Finland176 kt (5%)
- Poland165 kt (5%)
- Italy135 kt (4%)
- Estonia108 kt (3%)
- Spain90 kt (3%)
- Sweden76 kt (2%)
- Malta66 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states185 kt (5%)
- Origin not reported35 kt (1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 525,066 | 26.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 433,461 | 22.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 382,381 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 282,600 | 86.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Netherlands | 174,570 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 165,164 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 145,524 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 132,026 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 106,306 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 82,591 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 73,731 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Malta | Greece | 65,824 | 59.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 60,232 | 12.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 53,927 | 2.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 49,000 | 87.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 44,000 | 62.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Cyprus | 43,884 | 69.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 43,690 | 45.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 39,274 | 40.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Spain | 37,942 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 37,021 | 33.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 35,748 | 65.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 34,274 | 37.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 30,825 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 28,523 | 5.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 28,082 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 25,720 | 27.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 22,287 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 19,061 | 34.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 18,173 | 19.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 16,020 | 25.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Belgium | 15,900 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 15,446 | 70.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 14,700 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 14,100 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France | 12,000 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 10,667 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 10,608 | 10.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 8,906 | 99.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 8,571 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 8,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 7,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 6,341 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 6,000 | 8.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Spain | Malta | 3,542 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,347 | 97.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 3,316 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 3,310 | 5.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Finland | Estonia | 1,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Czechia | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 923 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Estonia | Lithuania | 800 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 702 | 0.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Estonia | Latvia | 454 | 67.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 215 | 32.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 169 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 79 | 2.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Slovakia | 70 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Poland, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.