Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,661 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (13%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 61% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom479 kt (13%)Gibraltar198 kt (5%)Kuwait178 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia133 kt (4%)India129 kt (4%)Other origins outside the EU298 kt (8%)Belgium475 kt (13%)Netherlands375 kt (10%)Sweden276 kt (8%)France214 kt (6%)Poland185 kt (5%)Germany167 kt (5%)Spain123 kt (3%)Other EU member states401 kt (11%)Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)Netherlands2.18 Mt (60%)Spain515 kt (14%)Belgium252 kt (7%)Malta146 kt (4%)Cyprus98 kt (3%)France91 kt (2%)Italy89 kt (2%)Germany80 kt (2%)Greece78 kt (2%)Denmark66 kt (2%)Portugal31 kt (<1%)Sweden15 kt (<1%)Estonia6.0 kt (<1%)Lithuania4.7 kt (<1%)Bulgaria4.2 kt (<1%)Slovakia3.0 kt (<1%)Croatia0.6 kt (<1%)Austria0.2 kt (<1%)Latvialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Polandless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom479 kt (13%)
- Gibraltar198 kt (5%)
- Kuwait178 kt (5%)
- Saudi Arabia133 kt (4%)
- India129 kt (4%)
- Other origins outside the EU298 kt (8%)
- Belgium475 kt (13%)
- Netherlands375 kt (10%)
- Sweden276 kt (8%)
- France214 kt (6%)
- Poland185 kt (5%)
- Germany167 kt (5%)
- Spain123 kt (3%)
- Other EU member states401 kt (11%)
- Origin not reported30 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 464,368 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 448,624 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 232,287 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 228,500 | 90.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 198,430 | 38.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 184,861 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Netherlands | 178,061 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 168,414 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 150,872 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 132,760 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Netherlands | 128,827 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 117,043 | 22.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 106,531 | 72.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Netherlands | 93,191 | 4.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 63,518 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 60,000 | 65.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Cyprus | 55,786 | 57.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 51,822 | 66.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 45,000 | 68.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 44,862 | 56.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 41,532 | 46.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 38,969 | 7.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 35,886 | 36.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Sweden | Spain | 33,881 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 33,045 | 36.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Portugal | 30,801 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 27,344 | 5.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Greece | 25,755 | 33.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France | 23,000 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Malta | 19,830 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 19,757 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 18,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 17,958 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 16,300 | 6.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Italy | 14,916 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 11,948 | 15.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 10,000 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark | 10,000 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 8,770 | 11.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Germany | 7,765 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 7,704 | 52.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 7,050 | 47.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | Germany | 6,233 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 6,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Cyprus | 5,875 | 6.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Belgium | 5,500 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Lithuania | 4,600 | 97.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Belgium | France | 4,000 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,837 | 91.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 2,971 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | France | 2,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 2,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 2,000 | 2.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 1.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 647 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 339 | 8.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 235 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Lithuania | 100 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Latvia | 26 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 25 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.