Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,291 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (15%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 67% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United Kingdom507 kt (15%)Gibraltar175 kt (5%)Israel88 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU276 kt (8%)Belgium536 kt (16%)Netherlands438 kt (13%)Germany242 kt (7%)Italy237 kt (7%)France153 kt (5%)Sweden132 kt (4%)Estonia88 kt (3%)Poland75 kt (2%)Lithuania67 kt (2%)Other EU member states250 kt (8%)Origin not reported26 kt (<1%)Netherlands1.75 Mt (53%)Spain492 kt (15%)Belgium265 kt (8%)Greece162 kt (5%)Malta131 kt (4%)Germany116 kt (4%)Denmark95 kt (3%)Sweden72 kt (2%)Cyprus59 kt (2%)France56 kt (2%)Italy41 kt (1%)Ireland16 kt (<1%)Finland16 kt (<1%)Portugal5.8 kt (<1%)Estonia5.0 kt (<1%)Bulgaria3.7 kt (<1%)Croatia1.0 kt (<1%)Poland1.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia1.0 kt (<1%)Austria0.3 kt (<1%)Lithuania0.2 kt (<1%)Latvia0.1 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United Kingdom507 kt (15%)
- Gibraltar175 kt (5%)
- Israel88 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU276 kt (8%)
- Belgium536 kt (16%)
- Netherlands438 kt (13%)
- Germany242 kt (7%)
- Italy237 kt (7%)
- France153 kt (5%)
- Sweden132 kt (4%)
- Estonia88 kt (3%)
- Poland75 kt (2%)
- Lithuania67 kt (2%)
- Other EU member states250 kt (8%)
- Origin not reported26 kt (<1%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 512,612 | 29.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 482,835 | 27.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 243,700 | 92.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 215,935 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 174,938 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Spain | 156,115 | 31.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 132,370 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 102,317 | 5.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Estonia | Netherlands | 88,154 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 76,838 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Poland | Netherlands | 74,882 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Netherlands | 66,876 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Israel | Greece | 58,655 | 36.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Spain | 52,965 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 47,803 | 36.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 45,908 | 39.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Malta | 44,716 | 34.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Cyprus | 43,277 | 73.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 40,000 | 42.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Greece | 39,315 | 24.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 38,858 | 33.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 36,448 | 50.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 35,000 | 62.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 33,096 | 6.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Denmark | 33,000 | 34.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Italy | Greece | 32,903 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 30,683 | 42.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | Spain | 29,784 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Malta | 24,531 | 18.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 22,873 | 4.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 22,466 | 4.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 22,271 | 54.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Greece | 18,964 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 17,271 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Ireland | 16,003 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Finland | 16,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Israel | Cyprus | 15,575 | 26.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 15,000 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 15,000 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Israel | Malta | 13,481 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 12,877 | 31.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Netherlands | France | 10,000 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 9,510 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Greece | 7,609 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France | 6,000 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark | 6,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Italy | 5,976 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 5,800 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Portugal | 5,799 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Estonia | 5,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 4,765 | 4.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| France | Sweden | 4,471 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 4,211 | 2.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Bulgaria | 3,295 | 90.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | France | 3,000 | 5.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | France | 2,000 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Croatia | 1,015 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 1,000 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 1.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 998 | 100.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Bulgaria | 356 | 9.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Austria | 287 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Lithuania | 100 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Lithuania | 100 | 50.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia | 95 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:22 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Hungary, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.