Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,291 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (15%) and Gibraltar (5%), and 67% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Greece
- Malta
- Other EU (17)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Netherlands | 512,612 | 29.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 482,835 | 27.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Netherlands | 332,229 | 19.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Other EU (17) | 256,042 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 243,700 | 92.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Netherlands | 215,935 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Gibraltar | Spain | 174,938 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (17) | 164,359 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Italy | Spain | 156,115 | 31.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Netherlands | 132,370 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Greece | 102,181 | 63.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Malta | 82,728 | 63.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Netherlands | 76,838 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Spain | 55,969 | 11.4% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Spain | 52,965 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Malta | 47,803 | 36.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Greece | 32,903 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 29,784 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (17) | 24,510 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (17) | 23,271 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 22,466 | 4.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Greece | 18,964 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Belgium | 15,000 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Germany | Other EU (17) | 12,363 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Germany | Greece | 7,609 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium | 5,800 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Other EU (17) | 4,471 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (17) | 4,000 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Czechia, Hungary, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.